Synthesis of substituted benzene derivatives by homo- and hetero-coupling of 2-bromobenzaldehyde and bromovinylaldehydes followed by McMurry coupling

A convenient synthetic approach to substituted benzene derivatives by modified Ullmann cross-coupling of 2-bromobenzaldehyde and bromovinylaldehydes followed by intramolecular McMurry coupling has been developed.     

Advantage of Quantum Theory over Nonclassical Models of Communication

Quantum correlations provide dramatic advantage over the corresponding classical resources in several communication tasks. However, a broad class of probabilistic theories exists that attributes greater success than quantum theory in many of these tasks by allowing supra-quantum correlations in “space-like” and/or “time-like” paradigms. In this letter, a communication task involving three spatially separated parties is proposed where one party (verifier) aims to verify whether the bit strings possessed by the other two parties (terminals) are equal or not. This task is called authentication with limited communication, the restrictions on communication being: i) the terminals cannot communicate with each other, but (ii) each of them can communicate with the verifier through single use of channels with limited capacity. Manifestly, classical resources are not sufficient for perfect success of this task. Moreover, it is also not possible to perform this task with certainty in several nonclassical theories although they might possess stronger “space-like” and/or “time-like” correlations. Surprisingly, quantum resources can achieve the perfect winning strategy. The proposed task thus stands apart from all previously known communication tasks as it exhibits quantum advantage over other nonclassical strategies.     

Novel bio-inspired deep eutectic solvent and graphene functionalized deep eutectic solvent as an efficient flame retardant material for cotton fabric

Cellulose - In this study, a novel bioinspired deep eutectic solvent (DES) was synthesized and functionalized with graphene to prepare G-DES. DES was synthesized in the presence of choline chloride...     

Reciprocal Ontological Models Show Indeterminism Comparable to Quantum Theory

We show that within the class of ontological models due to Harrigan and Spekkens, those satisfying preparation-measurement reciprocity must allow indeterminism comparable to that in quantum theory. Our result implies that one can design quantum random number generator, for which it is impossible, even in principle, to construct a reciprocal deterministic model.     

A Numerical Study on Current Drive by Electron Cyclotron Waves in a Toroidal Plasma Device

A survey of the main features of ECR current driving in toroidal plasmas is presented. Numerical calculations are performed in order to obtain the spatial profiles of the ECT energy deposition and of the correlated current density as a function of temperature and of the direction of the wave vector with respect to the toroidal magnetic field. The results indicate a very strong dependence of the ECR absorption profiles and of the driven current densites on the direction of launching of the wave.     

Phosphorus‐Doped Graphene Oxide Layer as a Highly Efficient Flame Retardant

A simple and easy process has been developed to efficiently dope phosphorus into a graphene oxide surface. Phosphorus‐doped graphene oxide (PGO) is prepared by the treatment of polyphosphoric acid with phosphoric acid followed by addition of a graphene oxide solution while maintaining a pH of around 5 by addition of NaOH solution. The resulting materials are characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The as‐made PGO solution‐coated cloth exhibits excellent flame retardation properties. The PGO‐coated cloth emits some smoke at the beginning without catching fire for more than 120 s and maintains its initial shape with little shrinkage. In contrast, the pristine cloth catches fire within 5 s and is completely burned within 25 s, leaving trace amounts of black residue. The simple technique of direct introduction of phosphorus into the graphene oxide surface to produce phosphorus‐doped oxidized carbon nanoplatelets may be a general approach towards the low‐cost mass production of PGO for many practical applications, including flame retardation.     

A non-volatile memory device consisting of graphene oxide covalently functionalized with ionic liquid

We introduce non-volatile resistive crossbar memory based on ionic liquid covalently functionalized on a partially reduced graphene oxide (PrGO). The write-read-erase-read (WRER) cycles were very stable after several hundred cycles and the retention time of both the ON and OFF states was stable for over 1000 s, indicating that the device we developed can function as a non-volatile memory device.     

Binol salt as a completely removable graphene surfactant

For the first time, stable aqueous dispersions of graphene sheets can be prepared via exfoliation/in situ reduction of graphene oxide in the presence of binol salt, a stabilizing surfactant that can be completely removed without affecting the properties of graphene sheets.     

Ontological Models,Preparation Contextuality and Nonlocality

The ontological model framework for an operational theory has generated much interest in recent years. The debate concerning reality of quantum states has been made more precise in this framework. With the introduction of generalized notion of contextuality in this framework, it has been shown that completely mixed state of a qubit is preparation contextual. Interestingly, this new idea of preparation contextuality has been used to demonstrate nonlocality of some \(\psi \) -epistemic models without any use of Bell’s inequality. In particular, nonlocality of a non maximally \(\psi \) -epistemic model has been demonstrated from preparation contextuality of a maximally mixed qubit and Schrödinger’s steerability of the maximally entangled state of two qubits (Leifer and Maroney, Phys Rev Lett 110:120401, 2013). In this paper, we, show that any mixed state is preparation contextual. We, then, show that nonlocality of any bipartite pure entangled state, with Schmidt rank two, follows from preparation contextuality and steerability provided we impose certain condition on the epistemicity of the underlying ontological model. More interestingly, if the pure entangled state is of Schmidt rank greater than two, its nonlocality follows without any further condition on the epistemicity. Thus our result establishes a stronger connection between nonlocality and preparation contextuality by revealing nonlocality of any bipartite pure entangled states without any use of Bell-type inequality.