Remarks on γ-interior

We give partial answer to the three problems posed by Á. Császár. γb-open sets are defined, their properties are discussed and some results established for topology are proved for a particular generalized topology.     

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate-catalyzed synthesis of benzylpyrazolyl coumarin and pyrano [2,3-c] pyrazole derivatives via cascade—One-pot—Multicomponent reaction

A simple one-pot protocol for the synthesis of benzylpyrazolyl coumarin and pyrano [2,3-c] pyrazole derivatives in the presence of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH₂PO₄) has been developed. This cascade reaction provides many advantages like environmentally benign reaction, mild reaction conditions, inexpensive catalyst, simple operation, easy workup procedure, a wide range of functional groups in good to excellent yields, and no need for column purification.     

Characterization of biodegradable solid polymer electrolyte system based on agar-NH4Br and its comparison with NH4I

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - Concerning the pollution-free and eco-friendly materials, the prospect of using biopolymer as ion conducting matrix has been investigated in this study....     

Oxovanadium(IV)‐Salen Ion Catalyzed H2O2 Oxidation of Tertiary Amines to N‐Oxides– Critical Role of Acetate Ion as External Axial Ligand

The oxovanadium(IV)‐salen ion catalyzed H₂O₂ oxidation of N,N‐dimethylaniline forms N‐oxide as the product of the reaction. The reaction follows Michaelis–Menten kinetics and the rate of the reaction is accelerated by electron donating groups present in the substrate as well as in the salen ligand. This peculiar substituent effect is accounted for in terms of rate determining bond formation between peroxo bond of the oxidant and the N‐atom of the substrate in the transition state. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) shifts the λ_max value of the oxidant to the red region and catalyzes reaction enormously. The cleavage of N? O bond by vanadium complex leads to moderate yield of the product. But the percentage yield of the product becomes excellent in the presence of TCA.     

Tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP)-based Li-ion conducting membranes

Polysaccharide-based biopolymers have gained much attention in electrochemical devices recently. Tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP) is a biopolymer obtained from the extract of tamarind seed. It is used as thickening and gelling agent in food and textile industries. There are no works in polymer electrolytes based on TSP in lithium-ion conducting membranes. A pure TSP membrane has been prepared by dissolving 1 g of TSP in distilled water by using solution-casting technique. The prepared biopolymer membranes are subjected to Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and AC-impedance techniques. FTIR analysis has been conducted to observe the possible interaction between the polymer and lithium salt based upon the changes in wave numbers of the peaks. The nature of the membrane (crystalline or amorphous) has been revealed by XRD. The electrical properties of the membranes have been analyzed by AC-impedance spectroscopy. The maximum ionic conductivity for the salt-doped membrane 1 g TSP:0.4 g lithium bromide (LiBr) has been found to be 4.83 × 10^?4 S cm^?1. The primary lithium-ion battery has been constructed using the best conductivity membrane, and the open circuit voltage (OCV) has been observed as 1.63 V.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">T</Emphasis>-Coloring of Certain Networks

Given a graph G and a finite set T of non-negative integers containing zero, a T-coloring of G is a non-negative integer function f defined on V(G) such that \(|f(x)-f(y)|\not \in T\) whenever \((x,y)\in E(G)\). The span of T-coloring is the difference between the largest and smallest colors, and the T-span of G is the minimum span over all T-colorings f of G. The edge span of a T-coloring is the maximum value of \(|f(x)-f(y)|\) over all edges \((x,y)\in E(G)\), and the T-edge span of G is the minimum edge span over all T-colorings f of G. In this paper, we compute T-span and T-edge span of crown graph, circular ladder and mobius ladder, generalized theta graph, series-parallel graph and wrapped butterfly network.     

Construction of a Low Cost Photoacoustic Spectrometer for Characterization of Materials

During the past few years, another optical technique has been developed to study those materials, which cannot be studied, by the conventional transmission or reflection techniques. The present technique called Photoacoustic spectroscopy or PAS is different from the conventional techniques chiefly in that the interaction of the incident energy of the photons with the materials under investigation is studied not through subsequent detection and analysis of some of the photons, but rather through a direct measure of the energy absorbed by the material. The aim of this presentation is to highlight the construction of a simple Photoacoustic spectrometer which can easily be constructed even in high school and college laboratories with the available low cost but efficient components and use it for characterization of solid (opaque or transparent), liquid and gas samples under investigations. The essential parts of the photoacoustic spectrometer designed in the laboratory (MADURAI – PA SPECTROMETER), consists of three main components.The total cost comes around 900 Euros. It is an affordable cost for researchers working with paucity of funds and facilities and many constraints especially in the developing countries. In the next few years we aim to study material characterization using MADURAI –PA SPECTROMETER.     

Spectroscopic Studies on Threonine Doped Polyaniline Composites

The structural and magnetic properties of polyaniline (PANI)- and threonine (T)-doped polyaniline composites were characterized by using FTIR, UV-Vis, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic techniques. The FTIR, UV-Vis, and X-band EPR spectra were recorded for PANI- and threonine-doped polyaniline (PANI-T) composites. The increased intensity of the IR bands in PANI-T composites is due to the increasing dopant concentration. The observed red shift corresponding to the N-H ··· N mode indicates the hydrogen bond formation in between the PANI and threonine molecule. The observed decrease in spectral intensity of the UV-Vis spectrum of the PANI-T composite confirms the occurrence of the protonation at the imine nitrogen sites. The EPR parameters such as line width, g factor, line asymmetry parameter, signal intensity, and spin concentration values were estimated. The EPR spectrum of PANI clearly indicates the presence of unpaired polaron. The EPR signal intensity and spin concentration values decrease with increasing dopant concentration, which reveals the polaron to bipolaron formation in PANI-T composites. EPR lineshape analysis showed that the absorption profile was Gaussian shape. The Gaussian-shaped line is generally due to the dipole–dipole interactions in the PANI and PANI-T composites. The line asymmetry parameter and g values indicated the isotropic nature of PANI and PANI-T composites.     

Note on generalized open sets

Characterizations of γ-open sets and locally γ-regular sets are given. We generalize some already established results and answer an open question by giving a characterization to γ-quasi-open sets.