Catalytic Activity of Nickel and Iron Sulfides in the Degradation of Resins and Asphaltenes of High-Viscosity Oil in the Presence of Carbonate Rock Under Hydrothermal Conditions

Kinetics and Catalysis - A study was made of the laws of transformation of the composition of high-viscosity oil under hydrothermal conditions in a porous medium of carbonate rock in the presence...     

Current-voltage characteristics of underneutralized Knudsen thermionic converters with electron emission from the collector

Calculations of the potential distribution are used to study the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of unneutralized Knudsen thermionic converters with unlimited electron emission from the collector. It is shown that the optimum work function of the collector satisfies the condition of unlimited emission. The effect of a number of characteristic parameters of a converter on its I-V characteristics are studied: the degree of neutralization, the ratio of the emitter and collector temperatures, and the work functions of the emitter and collector. Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 69, 26–34 (April 1999)     

The influence of electron emission from the collector on the potential distribution within a Knudsen diode with surface ionization in the underneutralized regime

This paper gives a theoretical treatment of the distribution of potentials within a Knudsen diode with surface ionization in the underneutralized regime in the presence of electron emission from the collector surface. A method is derived to calculate the potential distribution. It is shown that if the emission from the collector is sufficiently strong, spatially oscillatory (“wavelike”) potential distributions do not form; instead, a continuous transition occurs from a distribution with a virtual anode to one with a virtual cathode. Particular attention is focused on the neighborhood of the transition point from one of these distributions to the other. Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 68, 37–47 (April 1998)     

study of the reverse current range in a knudsen diode with surface ionization under overneutralized conditions in the presence of electron emission from the collector: Part II. Small electrode spacing

A Knudsen diode with surface ionization under overneutralized conditions is studied in the range of reverse current. The electrode spacing is assumed to be small, which causes the potential jumps near the electrodes to overlap. The asymptotic behavior of the current under high negative voltage is investigated.     

study of the reverse current range in a knudsen diode with surface ionization under overneutralized conditions in the presence of electron emission from the collector: Part I. Large electrode spacing

The reverse current range of a Knudsen diode with surface ionization is studied under overneutralized conditions in the presence of electron emission from the collector. The difficulty of the problem is associated with the need to consider three particle flows: ions and electrons from the emitter and electrons from the collector. This work consists of two parts. In the first part, the potential distributions and I-V characteristics for plasma regimes, where the potential distribution has a quasi-neutrality portion, are calculated. In the second, the diode with a small electrode spacing, where the near-electrode potential jumps overlap, is investigated. The asymptotic behavior of the current under high negative voltages is examined. Data obtained are compared with the classical Langmuir results for the diode with two opposing electron and ion flows.     

Photochromism of 3H-2,1,4-benzoxadiazine 4-oxides with heterocyclic substituents on the benzene ring

Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry - 2H-Benzimidazole 1,3-dioxides undergo thermal isomerization to 3H-2,1,4-benzoxadiazine 4-oxides which are converted to 2H-benzimidazole 1-oxides on further...     

Effect of shape of mesogenic group on the formation of liquid crystalline phase in polymers

Mesomorphic behaviour of four polymethacrylates with mesogenic side groups has been studied. In contrast to monomers which are nematogenic, mesogenic groups in the polymers form layer structures of the smectic type. A thermodynamic stable mesophase is supposed to be realized in polymers which consist of macromolecules of secondary structure, considering a macromolecule as the smallest structural element of the polymer system.