Validation of scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and gamma spectrometry to verify source nuclear material for safeguards purposes

Ten ore samples, two unpurified yellow cake samples and natural uranyl nitrate hexahydrate sample were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) method to verify source nuclear material. Samples represent source nuclear material as possible. All samples were scanned at ideal conditions; working distance = 10 mm, voltage = 30 kV, magnification value = × 100, spot size = 50 to screen samples for the presence of uranium and thorium, Also Hyper pure germanium (HPGe) gamma spectrometers were applied to estimate the uranium and thorium contents in Bq/kg (ppm). For the ore samples uranium-238 ranges from 1,049.23 Bq/kg (85.30 ppm) to 2,096.06 Bq/kg (170.41 ppm), uranium-235 ranges from 47.51 to 105.61 Bq/kg and thorium-232 ranges from 22.84 Bq/kg (5.65 ppm) to 41.78 Bq/kg (10.34 ppm). For the yellow cake samples and uranyl nitrate hexahydrate uranium-238 ranges from 42.99 Bq/kg (3.50 ppm) to 71,887.2 Bq/kg (5,844.49 ppm) and thorium-232 is 4.78 Bq/kg (1.83 ppm) and the other two samples are lower than the detection limit.     

Facile synthesis and antimicrobial evaluations of some novel pyrazolo[3,4-b]selenolo[3,2-e]pyrazines and their related heterocycles

A new series of pyrazolopyrazinoselenolotriazolopyrimidines was synthesized by a facile method based on condensation of 5-amino-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]selenolo[3,2-e]pyrazine-6-carbonitrile ( 3 ) with triethyl orthoformate followed by intramolecular cyclization with hydrazine to afford 7-amino-8-imino-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1,8-dihydro-7H-pyrazolo[3″,4″:5′,6′]pyrazino[2′,3′:4,5] selenolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine ( 5 ). The latter compound was utilized as a multipurpose precursor for the construction of other new triazoles fused to the pyrazolopyrazino- selenolopyrimidine moiety. Alternatively, acetylation and chloro-acetylation of compound 3 using acetic anhydride and chloroacetyl chloride yielded the acetyl amino 11 and chloroacetamido 12 derivatives, respectively. Compound 12 underwent nucleophilic substitution upon reaction with morpholine to provide the morpholinyl acetamide 13 . Furthermore, the pyrazolopyridoselenolopyrazine ring system 14 was synthesized by the reaction of the o-amino-carbonitrile 3 with malononitrile. Assignment of the chemical structures for the new compounds was confirmed depending on elemental and spectral techniques. On the other hand, most of the synthesized compounds revealed promising results against various bacterial and fungal strains.     

Intransitive Permutation Group with Bounded Movement

Let G be a intransitive permutation group on a set with no fixed point in ; let m, n be a positive integer and let |^g – | m, for every and g G. When G has t orbits and degree n close to [2mp/(p – 1)] + t – 1, this paper constructs such a group with m close to [n(p – 1)/2p].AMS Subject Classification: 20BXX.     

Coupled fixed point theorems for contractions in fuzzy metric spaces

In the present work, we prove a coupled fixed point theorem for contractive mappings in complete fuzzy metric spaces.     

Singular spectrum analysis and Fisher–Shannon analysis of spring flow time series: An application to Anjar Spring,Lebanon

In this study, the time dynamics of water flow from Anjar Spring was investigated, which is one of the major issuing springs in the central part of Lebanon. Likewise, many water sources in Lebanon, this spring has no continuous records for the discharge, and this would prevent the application of standard time series analysis tools. Furthermore, the highly nonstationary character of the series implies that suited methodologies can be employed to get insight into its dynamical features. Therefore, the Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) and Fisher–Shannon (FS) method, which are useful methods to disclose dynamical features in noisy nonstationary time series with gaps, are jointly applied to analyze the Anjar Spring water flow series. The SSA revealed that the series can be considered as the superposition of meteo-climatic periodic components, low-frequency trend and noise-like high-frequency fluctuations. The FS method allowed to extract and to identify among all the SSA reconstructed components the long-term trend of the series. The long-term trend is characterized by higher Fisher Information Measure (FIM) and lower Shannon entropy, and thus, represents the main informative component of the whole series. Generally water discharge time series presents very complex time structure, therefore the joint application of the SSA and the FS method would be very useful in disclosing the main informative part of such kind of data series in the view of existing climatic variability and/or anthropogenic challenges.     

Synthesis of Morphlinotetrahydrothieno[2,3‐c]Isoquinolines

1‐Morpholin‐4‐yl‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroisoquinoline‐4‐carbonitrile ( 2 ) was synthesized from 3‐amino‐1‐thioxo‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐1H‐isothiochromene‐4‐carbonitrile ( 1 ) and used as starting material to synthesize many thienotetrahydroisoquinolines ( 4 ), which in turn were used in the synthesis of many pyrimidothienotetrahydroisoquinolines.     

Macrophage-Targeted Punicalagin Nanoengineering to Alleviate Methotrexate-Induced Neutropenia: A Molecular Docking,DFT, and MD Simulation Analysis

Punicalagin is the most bioactive pomegranate polyphenol with high antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activity and can potentially cure different ailments related to the cardiovascular system. The current research work was envisioned to predict the targeting efficiency of punicalagin (PG) nanoparticles to the macrophages, more specifically to bone marrow macrophages. For this, we selected mannose-decorated PLGA-punicalagin nanoparticles (Mn-PLGA-PG), and before formulating this nanocarrier in laboratory settings, we predicted the targeting efficiency of this nanocarrier by in silico analysis. The analysis proceeded with macrophage mannose receptors to be acquainted with the binding affinity and punicalagin-based nanocarrier interactions with this receptor. In silico docking studies of macrophage mannose receptors and punicalagin showed binding interactions on its surface. PG interacted with hydrogen bonds to the charged residue ASP668 and GLY666 and polar residue GLN760 of the Mn receptor. Mannose with a docking score of −5.811 Kcal/mol interacted with four hydrogen bonds and the mannose receptor of macrophage, and in PLGA, it showed a −4.334 Kcal/mol docking score. Further, the analysis proceeded with density functional theory analysis (DFT) and HOMO–LUMO analysis, followed by an extensive 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation to analyse the trajectories showing the slightest deviation and fluctuation. While analysing the ligand and protein interaction, a wonderful interaction was found among the atoms of the ligand and protein residues. This computational study confirms that this nanocarrier could be a promising lead molecule to regulate the incidence of drug-induced neutropenia. Furthermore, experimental validation is required before this can be stated with complete confidence or before human use.     

Heterocyclic synthesis with 3-cyano-2(1H)pyridinethione: Synthesis of 3-oxo-2,3-dihydroisothiazolo[5,4-b]pyridine and related compounds

Summary 3-Carbethoxy-4,6-diphenyl-2-pyrridine sulfonamide (5), can be cyclized to 3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-4,6-diphenylisothiazolo[5,4-b]pyridine-1,1-dioxide (2). Oxidation of pyridinethione6 with Cl₂/H₂O gave the sulfonyl chloride derivative7, which can be ammonolyzed to 3-amino-4,6-diphenylisothiazolo[5,4-b]pyridine-1,1-dioxide (8), and 3-cyano-4,6-diphenylpyridine-2-sulfonamide (9). Hydrolysis of6 gave 3-carboxamido-2(1H)pyridinethione (12) which can be oxidized with iodine to 3-oxo-4,6-diphenyl-2,3-dihydroisothiazolo[5,4-b]pyridine (13). 3-Methyl-4,6-diphenylisothiazolo[5,4-b]pyridine-1,1-dioxide (17) was also prepared from6.

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Heterocyclensynthese mit 3-Cyano-2(1H)pyridinthion: Synthese von 3-Oxo-2,3-dihydroisothiazolo-[5,4-b]pyridin und verwandten Verbindungen

Zusammenfassung 3-Carbethoxy-4,6-diphenyl-2-pyridinsulfonamid (5) kann zu 3-Oxo-2,3-dihydro-4,6-diphenylisothiazolo[5,4-b]pyridin-1,1-dioxid (2) cyclisiert werden. Die Oxidation des Pyridinthions6 mit Cl₂/H₂O ergab das Sulfonylchlorid-Derivat7, das mit Ammoniak zu 3-Amino-4,6-diphenylisothiazolo[5,4-b]pyridin-1,1-dioxid (8) und 3-Cyano-4,6-diphenylpyridin-2-sulfonamid (9) umgesetzt werden kann. Die Hydrolyse von6 ergab 3-Carboxamido-2(1H)pyridinthion (12), das mit Jod zu 3-Oxo-4,6-diphenyl-2,3-dihydroisothiazolo[5,4-b]pyridin (13) oxidiert wurde. 3-Methyl-4,6-diphenyl-isothiazolo[5,4-b]pyridin-1,1-dioxid (17) wurde ebenfalls aus6 hergestellt.