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1.
Mesoporous material as catalyst for the production of fine chemical: Synthesis of dimethyl phthalate assisted by hydrophobic nature MCM-41 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Seshachalam Udayakumar Arumugam Pandurangan Predeep Kumar Sinha 《Journal of molecular catalysis. A, Chemical》2005,240(1-2):139-154
Aluminum, iron and zinc containing MCM-41 molecular sieves were prepared by the hydrothermal method. The catalyst was characterized by the XRD, BET (surface area), FT–IR and 29Si, 27Al MAS–NMR techniques. The catalytic activity of these molecular sieves was tested with esterification reaction used with phthalic anhydride (PAH) and methanol (MeOH) in the autoclave at 135 °C, 150 °C and 175 °C. Conversion increases with an increase in temperature and mole ratio. The activity of these catalysts followed the order: Al-MCM-41 (112) > Fe-MCM-41 (115) > Al-MCM-41 (70) > Al-MCM-41 (52) > Fe-MCM-41 (61) > Al, Zn-MCM-41 (104) > Al-MCM-41 (30). The reaction yielded both monomethyl phthalate (MMP) and dimethyl phthalate (DMP). The nature of the catalyst sites has been proposed using with water as an impurity. The selectivity of the dimethyl phthalate increases with increase in temperature and mole ratio. The weight of the catalyst was optimized at 0.07 g. The hydrophilic and hydrophobic nature of the catalyst has been explained by the influence of water and the external surface acidity also facilitates the reaction and this has been confirmed by the supporting reaction. 相似文献
2.
Mahitha Udayakumar Bilal El Mrabate Tamás Koós Katalin Szemmelveisz Ferenc Kristály Máté Leskó Ádám Filep Róbert Géber Mateusz Schabikowski Péter Baumli János Lakatos Pál Tóth Zoltán Németh 《Arabian Journal of Chemistry》2021,14(7):103214
Carbon foams have gained significant attention due to their tuneable properties that enable a wide range of applications including catalysis, energy storage and wastewater treatment. Novel synthesis pathways enable novel applications via yielding complex, hierarchical material structure. In this work, activated carbon foams (ACFs) were produced from waste polyurethane elastomer templates using different synthesis pathways, including a novel one-step method. Uniquely, the produced foams exhibited complex structure and contained carbon microspheres. The ACFs were synthesized by impregnating the elastomers in an acidified sucrose solution followed by direct activation using CO2 at 1000 ℃. Different pyrolysis and activation conditions were investigated. The ACFs were characterized by a high specific surface area (SBET) of 2172 m2/g and an enhanced pore volume of 1.08 cm3/g. Computer tomography and morphological studies revealed an inhomogeneous porous structure and the presence of numerous carbon spheres of varying sizes embedded in the porous network of the three-dimensional carbon foam. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy indicated that the obtained carbon foam was amorphous and of turbostratic structure. Moreover, the activation process enhanced the surface of the carbon foam, making it more hydrophilic via altering pore size distribution and introducing oxygen functional groups. In equilibrium, the adsorption of methylene blue on ACF followed the Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 592 mg/g. Based on these results, the produced ACFs have potential applications as adsorbents, catalyst support and electrode material in energy storage systems. 相似文献
3.
Mohamed Ibrahim N. H. Udayakumar M. 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2020,141(6):2369-2389
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - This paper presents a comparison between the numerically determined soot volume fraction (SVF) in a momentum-dominated turbulent diffusion strained jet... 相似文献
4.
A zero-dimensional zinc phosphate, comprising a 4-membered ring, is shown to spontaneously transform at room temperature, to a linear chain structure consisting of corner-shared 4-membered rings, the latter transforming to a 3-dimensional sodalite-related structure under mild conditions. 相似文献
5.
Udayakumar VELU Alexander STANISLAUS Gayathri VIRUPAIAH Shivakumaraiah Viswanathan BALASUBRAMANIAN 《催化学报》2011,32(2):280-285
A polymer-supported palladium-imidazole catalyst was used to catalyze the hydrogenation of various olefins under mild conditions. The rate of hydrogenation was studied. The effects of factors such as substrate concentration,catalyst concentration,partial pressure of hydrogen and temperature on initial rate of reaction of selected olefins were investigated. A mechanism for the reaction was proposed from the rate equation. The effects of the solvent and structure of the olefin on the rate of hydrogenation were investigated. The catalyst showed good reusability without any leaching of metal from the support. The homologous analog of the polymer-supported catalyst could not be used as catalyst for the hydrogenation of olefins in methanol because there was precipitation of the metal during reaction. 相似文献
6.
D. Udayakumar A. John Kiran A. Vasudeva Adhikari K. Chandrasekharan G. Umesh H.D. Shashikala 《Chemical physics》2006
The third-order nonlinear optical properties of newly synthesized soluble polyoxadiazoles containing 3,4-dialkoxythiophenes were investigated by using Z-scan and degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) techniques. The measurements were performed at 532 nm with 7 ns pulses from a Nd:YAG laser. We found a good agreement between the values of χ(3) determined from both the experiments. Z-scan results indicate a negative nonlinear refractive index, n2, whose magnitude is of the order of 10−10 esu for all the copolymers. The variation of nonlinear response among the copolymers clearly indicates the dependence of χ(3) on donor and acceptor type of units present in these copolymers. The copolymers exhibit strong reverse saturable absorption and good optical limiting properties at 532 nm. 相似文献
7.
A polymer anchored palladium complex was synthesized by sequential attachment of benzimidazole and palladium chloride to chloromethylated
polystyrene divinyl benzene co-polymer with 6.5 % cross-linking. The product was characterized by XPS, UV–vis. spectrophotometry,
FTIR and TGA. Various physico-chemical properties such as bulk density, surface area and swelling behavior in different solvents
were also measured. The polymer anchored complex was tested as a catalyst for reduction of olefins. The kinetics of hydrogenation
of 1-hexene was studied by varying the temperature, catalyst concentration and substrate concentration. The energy and entropy
of activation were evaluated from the kinetic data. The catalyst could be recycled a number of times and no leaching of metal
from the catalyst surface was observed. 相似文献
8.
A polymer-anchored rhodium complex was synthesised by sequential attachment of benzimidazole (BzlH) and RhCl3 to chloromethylated poly(styrene–divinylbenzene) co-polymer (PSDVB) with 6.5% cross-linking. The catalyst was characterised
by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, far-IR, UV–Vis, FTIR, SEM and thermogravimetric analysis. Various physico-chemical properties
such as bulk density, surface area and swelling behaviour in different solvents were also studied. The polymer-anchored complex
was tested as a catalyst for reduction of nitroarenes, namely o,m,p-nitrobenzoic acid, nitroaniline, nitrophenol and nitrotoluene. Kinetic measurements were carried for o-nitroaniline and p-nitrophenol by varying temperature, catalyst concentration and concentration of substrates. The rate of the reaction was
found to be first order with respect to catalyst concentration and also with substrate concentration at low concentrations,
becoming independent of substrate at higher concentrations. A plausible mechanism for the reaction is proposed. The energy
and entropy of activation calculated from Arrhenius plots indicate high activity of the catalyst on the support. The recycling
efficiency of the catalyst has been studied and there was no leaching of metal from the catalyst surface. 相似文献
9.
A simple isocratic liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of abacavir from its related substances and assay for the first time. This method involves the usage of C18 (Intertsil octadecyl silane-3V, 150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) column. The method was validated over the range of 0.002-0.1 mg/mL for chloro impurity, 0.005-0.1 mg/mL for amino impurity and pyrimidine impurity, and 0.005-0.2 mg/mL for abacavir. The mobile phase consists of a mixture of 10 mM ammonium acetate buffer and ACN in the ratio of 90:10. The flow rate was set at 1.0 mL/min with UV detection monitored at 214 nm. The drug substance was subjected to stress conditions of hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis, and thermal degradation. The developed method was validated for linearity, range, precision, accuracy, and specificity. This method can be conveniently used in a quality control laboratory for routine analysis of both related substances and assay. 相似文献
10.
Madavalam Sreeman Sheshshayee Hanumantha Rao Bindumadhava Rengaswamy Ramesh Trichy Ganesh Prasad Makarla Udayakumar 《Isotopes in environmental and health studies》2013,49(1):122-129
Models that explain the oxygen isotope enrichment in leaf water (and biomass) treat the relationship between the kinetic fractionation that occurs during evapotranspiration and the stomatal conductance in an empirical way. Consequently, the isotopic enrichment is always predicted to decrease with increasing stomatal conductance, regardless of the experimental evidence to the contrary. We explain why and suggest an alternative method to reconcile theory and experiment. We support this with our experimental data on rice and groundnut plants. 相似文献