全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5462篇 |
免费 | 759篇 |
国内免费 | 514篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 3698篇 |
晶体学 | 96篇 |
力学 | 261篇 |
综合类 | 44篇 |
数学 | 632篇 |
物理学 | 2004篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 131篇 |
2022年 | 132篇 |
2021年 | 186篇 |
2020年 | 228篇 |
2019年 | 202篇 |
2018年 | 203篇 |
2017年 | 159篇 |
2016年 | 269篇 |
2015年 | 215篇 |
2014年 | 281篇 |
2013年 | 330篇 |
2012年 | 455篇 |
2011年 | 474篇 |
2010年 | 301篇 |
2009年 | 350篇 |
2008年 | 345篇 |
2007年 | 278篇 |
2006年 | 242篇 |
2005年 | 211篇 |
2004年 | 162篇 |
2003年 | 146篇 |
2002年 | 141篇 |
2001年 | 100篇 |
2000年 | 79篇 |
1999年 | 88篇 |
1998年 | 67篇 |
1997年 | 52篇 |
1996年 | 79篇 |
1995年 | 59篇 |
1994年 | 56篇 |
1993年 | 48篇 |
1992年 | 55篇 |
1991年 | 41篇 |
1990年 | 40篇 |
1989年 | 41篇 |
1988年 | 29篇 |
1987年 | 26篇 |
1986年 | 27篇 |
1985年 | 31篇 |
1984年 | 33篇 |
1983年 | 27篇 |
1982年 | 16篇 |
1980年 | 14篇 |
1979年 | 19篇 |
1977年 | 13篇 |
1976年 | 17篇 |
1975年 | 13篇 |
1974年 | 18篇 |
1973年 | 25篇 |
1972年 | 14篇 |
排序方式: 共有6735条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
We investigate the possibility of phantom crossing in the dark energy sector and the solution for the Hubble tension between early and late universe observations. We use robust combinations of different cosmological observations, namely the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), local measurement of Hubble constant (), Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) and SnIa for this purpose. For a combination of CMB+BAO data that is related to early universe physics, phantom crossing in the dark energy sector was confirmed at a 95% confidence level and we obtained the constraint km/s/Mpc at a 68% confidence level, which is in perfect agreement with the local measurement by Riess et al. We show that constraints from different combinations of data are consistent with each other and all of them are consistent with phantom crossing in the dark energy sector. For the combination of all data considered, we obtained the constraint km/s/Mpc at a 68% confidence level and the phantom crossing happening at the scale factor at a 68% confidence level. 相似文献
2.
Functional zinc(II) phthalocyanines bearing Schiff base complexes as oxidation catalysts for bleaching systems
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《应用有机金属化学》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Oxidation catalysis is used to increase the performance of hydrogen peroxide in laundry bleach applications. Bleach catalysts provide cost‐effective, energy‐saving and environmentally friendly bleach systems yielding perfect stain removal at lower temperatures. This comparative study is based on the synthesis of bis[bis(salicylhydrazonephenoxy)manganese(III)] phthalocyaninatozinc(II) ( 2 ), bis[bis(salicylhydrazonephenoxy)cobalt(III)] phthalocyaninatozinc(II) ( 3 ) and bis[bis(salicylhydrazonephenoxy)iron(III)] phthalocyaninatozinc(II) ( 4 ) as tri‐nuclear complexes consisting of two Schiff base complexes substituting a zinc phthalocyanine. Complexion on the periphery to obtain complexes 2 , 3 , 4 was performed through the reaction of a Schiff base‐substituted phthalocyanine using MnCl2?4H2O, CoCl2?6H2O or FeCl3?6H2O salts in basic condition in dimethylformamide. Fourier transform infrared, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, UV–visible, inductively coupled plasma optical emission and mass spectra were applied to characterize the prepared compounds. The bleach performances of the three phthalocyanine compounds 2 , 3 , 4 were examined by the degradation of morin as hydrophilic dye. The degradation progress in the presence of catalysts 2 , 3 , 4 /H2O2 combination in aqueous solution was investigated using an online spectrophotometric method. It was found that the catalysts 2 , 3 , 4 exhibited better bleaching performance at 25 °C than tetraactylethylethylenediamine as bleach activator used in powder detergent formulations for stain removal. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
3.
Single Crystal to Single Crystal (SC‐to‐SC) Transformation from a Nonporous to Porous Metal–Organic Framework and Its Application Potential in Gas Adsorption and Suzuki Coupling Reaction through Postmodification
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Dr. Rupam Sen Debraj Saha Dr. Subratanath Koner Dr. Paula Brandão Dr. Zhi Lin 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(15):5962-5971
A new amino‐functionalized strontium–carboxylate‐based metal–organic framework (MOF) has been synthesized that undergoes single crystal to single crystal (SC‐to‐SC) transformation upon desolvation. Both structures have been characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. The desolvated structure shows an interesting 3D porous structure with pendent ?NH2 groups inside the pore wall, whereas the solvated compound possesses a nonporous structure with DMF molecules on the metal centers. The amino group was postmodified through Schiff base condensation by pyridine‐2‐carboxaldehyde and palladium was anchored on that site. The modified framework has been utilized for the Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction. The compound shows high activity towards the C?C cross‐coupling reaction with good yields and turnover frequencies. Gas adsorption studies showed that the desolvated compound had permanent porosity and was microporous in nature with a BET surface area of 2052 m2 g?1. The material also possesses good CO2 (8 wt %) and H2 (1.87 wt %) adsorption capabilities. 相似文献
4.
Polypyrrole Shell@3D‐Ni Metal Core Structured Electrodes for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Gao‐Feng Chen Yu‐Zhi Su Pan‐Yong Kuang Zhao‐Qing Liu Dao‐Yi Chen Xu Wu Nan Li Prof. Shi‐Zhang Qiao 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(12):4614-4621
Three‐dimensional (3D) nanometal films serving as current collectors have attracted much interest recently owing to their promising application in high‐performance supercapacitors. In the process of the electrochemical reaction, the 3D structure can provide a short diffusion path for fast ion transport, and the highly conductive nanometal may serve as a backbone for facile electron transfer. In this work, a novel polypyrrole (PPy) shell@3D‐Ni‐core composite is developed to enhance the electrochemical performance of conventional PPy. With the introduction of a Ni metal core, the as‐prepared material exhibits a high specific capacitance (726 F g?1 at a charge/discharge rate of 1 A g?1), good rate capability (a decay of 33 % in Csp with charge/discharge rates increasing from 1 to 20 A g?1), and high cycle stability (only a small decrease of 4.2 % in Csp after 1000 cycles at a scan rate of 100 mV s?1). Furthermore, an aqueous symmetric supercapacitor device is fabricated by using the as‐prepared composite as electrodes; the device demonstrates a high energy density (≈21.2 Wh kg?1) and superior long‐term cycle ability (only 4.4 % and 18.6 % loss in Csp after 2000 and 5000 cycles, respectively). 相似文献
5.
6.
Yimei Wang Yi Qiao Xiaomin Xu Xiaohong Ding Weiwei Li Bo Yuan Haiyan Xu 《Biomedical chromatography : BMC》2019,33(8)
A sensitive and reliable LC–MS/MS method was developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of the major components of Huangqi–Honghua extact in rat plasma, including hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), astragaloside IV (ASIV), calycosin‐7‐O‐β‐d ‐glucoside (CAG), calycosin, calycosin‐3′‐O‐glucuronide (C‐3′‐G) and calycosin‐3′‐O‐sulfate (C‐3′‐S). After extraction by protein precipitation with acetonitrile and methanol from plasma, the analytes were separated on a Hypersil BDS C18 column by gradient elution with acetonitrile and 5 mM ammonium acetate. The detection was carried out on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionization source switched between negative and positive modes. HSYA was monitored in negative ionization mode from 0 to 4.9 min, and ASIV, CAG, calycosin, C‐3′‐G and C‐3′‐S were determined in positive ionization mode from 4.9 to 10 min. The lower limits of quantification of the analytes were 6.25 ng/mL for HSYA, 0.781 ng/mL for CAG and 1.56 ng/mL for ASIV and calycosin. The intra‐ and inter‐assay precision (RSD) values were within 13.43%, and accuracy (RE) ranged from ?8.75 to 9.92%. The validated method was then applied to the pharmacokinetic study of HSYA, ASIV, CAG, calycosin, C‐3′‐G and C‐3′‐S in rat after an oral administration of Huangqi–Honghua extract. 相似文献
7.
8.
关于Banach空间中凸泛函的广义次梯度不等式 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文在前人^[1,2]的基础之上,以凸泛函的次梯度不等式为工具,将Jensen不等式推广到Banach空间中的凸泛函,导出了Banach空间中的Bochner积分型的广义Jensen不等式,给出其在Banach空间概率论中某些应用,从而推广了文献[3—6]的工作. 相似文献
9.
在等离子体增强化学气相淀积系统中,采用aSi:H层淀积和原位等离子体氧化相结合的逐层生长技术制备了aSi:H/SiO_2多层膜.在激光诱导限制结晶原理基础上,使用KrF准分子脉冲激光为辐照源,对aSi:H/SiO_2多层膜进行辐照,使纳米级厚度的aSi:H子层晶化.Raman散射谱和电子衍射谱的结果表明,经过激光辐照后纳米Si颗粒在原始的aSi:H子层内形成,晶粒尺寸可以根据aSi:H层的厚度精确控制.还研究了样品的光致发光(PL)特性以及激光辐照能量密度对PL性质的影响.
关键词:
脉冲激光
多层膜
限制结晶 相似文献
10.
Quan Sen JIU Department of Mathematics Capital Normal University Beijing P.R.China Cheng HE Institute of Applied Mathematics Academy of Mathematics System Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P.R.China 《应用数学学报(英文版)》2004,(4)
In this paper we are interested in the sufficient conditions which guarantee the regularityof solutions of 3-D ideal magnetohydrodynamic equations in the arbitrary time interval [0,T].Fivesufficient conditions are given.Our results are motivated by two main ideas:one is to control theaccumulation of vorticity alone;the other is to generalize the corresponding geometric conditions of3-D Euler equations to 3-D ideal magnetohydrodynamic equations. 相似文献