Economics and Performance of 10 Gb/s Metro Transport Over Mixed Fiber Plant of G.655 NZDF and G.652.C Zero Water-Peak Fibers

Using lower-cost lasers, 30% savings are possible for 10-Gb/s uncompensated metro transmission over NZDF, compared to G.652 fiber. We present WDM transmission results for a mixed plant of NZDF rings interconnected to G.652.C-fiber access laterals.     

Resolving the different dynamics of the fluorine sublattices in the anionic conductor BaSnF(4) by using high-resolution MAS NMR techniques

19F and (119)Sn MAS NMR spectroscopy have been used to investigate the fluoride ion conductor, BaSnF(4), a member of the MSnF(4) family of fluorite-related anionic conductors containing double layers of Sn(2+) and M(2+) cations. Two fluorine sublattices were observed by (19)F MAS NMR, which could be assigned to specific sites in the lattice. The first sublattice is due to fluorine atoms located in Ba(2+) double layers and is rigid on the MAS NMR time scale at room temperature. The second sublattice comprises the fluoride ions between the Ba(2+) and Sn(2+) layers, and the few fluorine atoms that inhabit the Sn(2+)-Sn(2+) double layers. These ions are in rapid exchange with each other, and an extremely short correlation time tau(C) for the motion of these ions of <3 x 10(-)(5) s is obtained at -100 degrees C. T(1) measurements indicate that tau(C) approaches 10(-)(8) s at room temperature. (19)F-to-(119)Sn cross-polarization (CP) experiments confirmed the assignments of the resonances, and that the fluorine atoms located next to the tin atoms are extremely mobile at room temperature (and thus do not contribute to the CP process). Two-dimensional (19)F exchange experiments showed that exchange between the rigid and mobile lattice does occur, but at a much slower rate (tau(C) approximately 10 ms at 250 degrees C). Low-temperature (19)F MAS and (19)F-to-(119)Sn CP NMR spectra demonstrate that the motion of the fluoride ions has almost completely frozen out by -150 degrees C. The results are consistent with rapid two-dimensional (anisotropic) conductivity involving the fluoride ions between the Ba and Sn layers. Conductivity in three dimensions requires hops between the ions in the BaF(2)-like layers and the mobile ions. This process does occur, but with exchange rates that are at least 6-7 orders of magnitude slower.     

A glucose electrode based on carbon paste chemically modified with a ferrocene-containing siloxane polymer and glucose oxidase,coated with a poly(ester-sulfonic acid) cation-exchanger

A carbon-paste chemically modified with glucose oxidase and a ferrocene-containing siloxane polymer was further modified by coating the electrode surface with a poly(ester-sulfonic acid) cation-exchanger, Eastman AQ-29D. The polymer is obtained as a homogeneous aqueous dispersion at pH 5–6; when dried, the polymer coating is not water-soluble. The coating was shown not to be detrimental to the enzyme activity but to prevent electrochemically active anionic interferents such as ascorbate and urate from reaching the electrode surface. The polymer coating also prevented glucose oxidase from leaking out of the carbon paste into the contacting solution and protected the electrode surface from fouling agents present in urine and bovine serum albumin. Uncoated electrodes lost some 10-2-15% of their original response to glucose after storage in buffer for three weeks whereas the response of the coated electrodes remained constant. Calibration curves for glucose were strictly linear up to about 5 mM for uncoated and up to 20 mM for coated electrodes. The response current to glucose was not decreased after coating.     

Ionic discotic liquid crystals: synthesis and characterization of pyridinium bromides containing a triphenylene core

Five novel pyridinium salts tethered with hexaalkoxytriphenylene molecules were synthesized by the quaternization of pyridine with ω-bromo-substituted triphenylene derivatives. Their chemical structures were determined by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, IR, UV spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The thermotropic liquid crystalline properties of these salts were investigated by polarizing optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. These triphenylene-based pyridinium salts with bromide as counterion were found to be mesomorphic over a wide temperature range.     

Heterometallic Ln/Hg compounds with fluorinated thiolate ligands

The early lanthanide benzenefluorothiolates (Ln(SC(6)F(5))(3); Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd) react with Hg(SC(6)F(5))(2) in DME to form ionic heterometallic compounds with Ln cations and Hg anions. X-ray diffraction analyses of all compounds reveal an isostructural series with the general formula [(DME)(3)Ln(SC(6)F(5))(2)](2)[Hg(2)(SC(6)F(5))(6)]. In the structures, a fluorothiolate ligand has been extracted from the Ln coordination sphere that is saturated with three neutral DME donor ligands and a dative interaction between one ortho fluorine and the Ln. Distances between Ln and F do not vary simply with Ln ionic radius. There are two Ln cations with charge balanced by a Hg(2)(SC(6)F(5))(6) dianion composed of two distinctly nonideal Hg(II) tetrahedra, all connected through a series of pi-pi interactions that link cations with anions in a one-dimensional array and anions to anions in a more complex 2D network.     

Efficacious and sustained release of an anticancer drug mitoxantrone from new covalent organic frameworks using protein corona

Solid porous and crystalline covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are characterized by their higher specific BET surface areas and functional pore walls, which allow the adsorption of various bioactive molecules inside the porous lattices. We have introduced a perylene-based COF, PER@PDA-COF-1, which acts as an effective porous volumetric reservoir for an anticancer drug, mitoxantrone (MXT). The drug-loaded COF (MXT–PER@PDA-COF-1) exhibited zero cellular release of MXT towards cancer cells, which can be attributed to the strong intercalation between the anthracene-dione motif of the drug and the perylene-based COF backbone. Here, we have introduced a strategy involving the serum-albumin-triggered intracellular release of mitoxantrone from MXT–PER@PDA-COF-1. The serum albumin acts as an exfoliating agent and as a colloidal stabilizer in PBS medium (pH = 7.4), rapidly forming a protein corona around the exfoliated COF crystallites and inducing the sustained release of MXT from the COF into tumorigenic cells.

Solid porous and crystalline covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are characterized by their higher specific BET surface areas and functional pore walls, which allow the adsorption of various bioactive molecules inside the porous lattices.     

Optimizing the rapidity limit for nuclear stopping in intermediate energy heavy-ion collisions

A systematic study regarding the role of participant matter and spectator matter in nuclear stopping using isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model is presented. The simulations have been carried out with soft equation of state along with the reduced isospin-dependent cross section to study the effect of different types and sizes of rapidity distributions on nuclear stopping for the whole colliding geometry with density-dependent symmetry energy. In addition to that, we attempt to investigate the role of isospin in heavy-ion collisions by calculating the individual contribution of neutrons and protons in nuclear stopping for different systems having different isotopic content.     

Observation of field induced anomalous quantum criticality in Ce0.6Y0.4NiGe2 compound

We report the results of our investigation of magnetization and heat capacity on a series of compounds Ce${}_{1?x}$Y_xNiGe₂ ($x=0.1,0.2\text{ and }0.4$) under the influence of external magnetic field. Our studies of the thermodynamic quantity $?\mathrm{d}M/\mathrm{d}T$ on these compounds indicate that magnetic frustration persists in Ce_0.9Y_0.1NiGe₂, as also reported for the parent compound CeNiGe₂. The weak signature of this frustration is also noted in Ce_0.8Y_0.2NiGe₂, whereas, it is suppressed in Ce_0.6Y_0.4NiGe₂. Heat capacity studies on Ce_0.9Y_0.1NiGe₂ and Ce_0.8Y_0.2NiGe₂ indicate the presence of a new magnetic anomaly at high field which indicates that quantum criticality is absent in these compounds. However, for Ce_0.6Y_0.4NiGe₂ such an anomaly is not noted. For this later compound, the magnetic field (H) and temperature (T) dependence of heat capacity and magnetization obey $H/T$ scaling above critical fields. However, the obtained scaling critical parameter (δ) is 1.6, which is away from mean field value of 3. This deviation suggests the presence of unusual fluctuations and anomalous quantum criticality in these compounds. This unusual fluctuation may arise from disorderness induced by Y-substitution.     

Synthesis,Properties, and Applications of 2-D Materials: A Comprehensive Review

Recent advances in atomically thin two-dimensional (2-D) materials have led to a variety of promising future technologies for post-CMOS nanoelectronics and energy generation. This review is an attempt to thoroughly illustrate the current status and future prospects for 2-D materials other than graphene (e.g., BN nanosheets, MoS₂, NbSe₂, WS₂, etc.), which have already been contemplated for both low-end and high-end technological applications. An overview of the different synthesis techniques for 2-D materials is presented here, with an exploration of the potential for developing methods of controllable large scale synthesis. Furthermore, we summarize the underlying theories which correlate the structural and physical properties of 2-D materials with their state-of-the-art applications. Finally, we show that utilizing the unprecedented properties arising from these materials would lead to innovative devices. Such devices would significantly reduce both device dimensions and power consumption, as necessary for the creation of tomorrow's sustainable technology.