Improvement in the yield and quality of kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata Nees) under the sustainable production system

Andrographis paniculata Nees is an annual erect herb with wide medicinal and pharmacological applications due to the presence of andrographolide and other active chemical constituents. The large-scale cultivation of the kalmegh is not in practice. The aim of this study was to establish sustainable production systems of A. paniculata cv CIM-Megha with the application of different bioinoculants and chemical fertilisers. A. paniculata herb and andrographolide yield in the dried leaves was found to be highest (218% and 61.3%, respectively) in treatment T₃ (NPK+Bacillus sp.) compared with T₁ (control). The soil organic carbon, soil microbial respiration, soil enzymes activity and available nutrients improved significantly with combined application of bioinoculants and chemical fertilisers.     

Diversity-oriented expedient route for the synthesis of 3-tetrahydropyrimidinyl-coumarins via MCR

A practical, mild, and high-yielding synthetic approach for the synthesis of unknown tetrahydropyrimidinyl substituted 3-coumarins as hybrid scaffolds, potentially useful new chemical entities (NCEs), via metal- and catalyst-free multicomponent cyclization is described. The enhanced nucleophilicity of 3-amino coumarins versus 4-amino coumarin is explained via the difference in ¹³C NMR δ values (Δδ) of vinylic carbons. X-ray crystal analysis defines the structure of a representative set of example.     

Multiparametric sensitivity analysis of the constraint matrix in linear-plus-linear fractional programming problem

In this paper, we study multiparametric sensitivity analysis for programming problems with linear-plus-linear fractional objective function using the concept of maximum volume in the tolerance region. We construct critical regions for simultaneous and independent perturbations of one row or one column of the constraint matrix in the given problem. Necessary and sufficient conditions are given to classify perturbation parameters as ‘focal’ and ‘nonfocal’. Nonfocal parameters can have unlimited variations, because of their low sensitivity in practice, these parameters can be deleted from the analysis. For focal parameters, a maximum volume tolerance region is characterized. Theoretical results are illustrated with the help of a numerical example.     

Microorganisms: A Potential Source of Bioactive Molecules for Antioxidant Applications

Oxidative stress originates from an elevated intracellular level of free oxygen radicals that cause lipid peroxidation, protein denaturation, DNA hydroxylation, and apoptosis, ultimately impairing cell viability. Antioxidants scavenge free radicals and reduce oxidative stress, which further helps to prevent cellular damage. Medicinal plants, fruits, and spices are the primary sources of antioxidants from time immemorial. In contrast to plants, microorganisms can be used as a source of antioxidants with the advantage of fast growth under controlled conditions. Further, microbe-based antioxidants are nontoxic, noncarcinogenic, and biodegradable as compared to synthetic antioxidants. The present review aims to summarize the current state of the research on the antioxidant activity of microorganisms including actinomycetes, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, microalgae, and yeast, which produce a variety of antioxidant compounds, i.e., carotenoids, polyphenols, vitamins, and sterol, etc. Special emphasis is given to the mechanisms and signaling pathways followed by antioxidants to scavenge Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), especially for those antioxidant compounds that have been scarcely investigated so far.