全文获取类型
收费全文 | 670篇 |
免费 | 21篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 424篇 |
晶体学 | 65篇 |
力学 | 5篇 |
数学 | 73篇 |
物理学 | 126篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 8篇 |
2021年 | 11篇 |
2020年 | 8篇 |
2019年 | 15篇 |
2018年 | 14篇 |
2017年 | 13篇 |
2016年 | 20篇 |
2015年 | 16篇 |
2014年 | 24篇 |
2013年 | 51篇 |
2012年 | 29篇 |
2011年 | 26篇 |
2010年 | 20篇 |
2009年 | 16篇 |
2008年 | 28篇 |
2007年 | 17篇 |
2006年 | 23篇 |
2005年 | 19篇 |
2004年 | 23篇 |
2003年 | 9篇 |
2002年 | 7篇 |
2001年 | 8篇 |
2000年 | 6篇 |
1999年 | 9篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 10篇 |
1993年 | 18篇 |
1992年 | 13篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 13篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 10篇 |
1987年 | 11篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 12篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 12篇 |
1980年 | 9篇 |
1979年 | 13篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1968年 | 4篇 |
1947年 | 5篇 |
1946年 | 6篇 |
1941年 | 7篇 |
1940年 | 6篇 |
1937年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有693条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
Vattoly J. MajoJaya Prabhakaran J.John MannJ.S. Dileep Kumar 《Tetrahedron letters》2003,44(47):8535-8537
A novel and convergent palladium catalyzed synthesis of 2-arylbenzothiazoles has been investigated. The key step in the synthesis is a Suzuki biaryl coupling of 2-bromobenzothiazole with aryl boronic acids to provide a variety of 2-arylbenzothiazole derivatives in good yield. The synthetic utility of this methodology is demonstrated by the synthesis of 2-(4-aminophenyl)-6-methoxybenzothiazole, a PET probe precursor for the in vivo imaging of Alzheimer's disease. 相似文献
3.
J.D. Desai 《Applied Surface Science》2006,252(6):2251-2258
Iron oxide thin films have been obtained by spray pyrolysis using 100% methanolic and ethanolic solutions of iron tri-chloride. The films were deposited onto ITO-coated glass substrates. The preparative conditions have been optimized to obtain compact, pin-hole-free and smooth thin films which are adherent to the substrate. The structural, morphological and compositional characterizations have been carried out by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The films deposited using ethanolic solution results into pure hematite; α-Fe2O3 thin films, however, films deposited using methanolic solution consists of hematite and maghemite-c phases of iron oxide. The films are nanocrystalline with particle size of 30-40 nm. The optical absorbance of the film was of the order of 105 cm−1. The optical band gap of films was found to be 2.26 and 2.20 eV for the films deposited using methanolic and ethanolic solutions, respectively. 相似文献
4.
The influence of humic substances on sorption and methylation processes for inorganic- and organotin species is presented. Four sediment samples from different locations of the Rivers Elbe, Mulde and Spittelwasser, Germany, with different organotin and humic contents were selected to extract the humic and fulvic acids. The various fractions—the original sediment, the humic acid, the fulvic acid and the residual sediment—were analysed for their organotin content. The individual buyltin species show quite different distribution patterns. Monobutyltin is found mostly associated with humic acids. Dibutyltin shows a nonunique behaviour. At low total organotin content, dibutyltin is found bonded to humic and fulvic acids, whereas at high organotin content dibutyltin is distributed more with the residual sediment. Most of the tributyltin remains in the sediment unextracted; only small quantities of it are in the fulvic acid fraction. Tetrabutyltin is only in the humic acid fraction when it binds to humic matter; it mostly remains in the sediment. General observations indicate that ionic butyltin species bind to fulvic acids whereas the non-polar tetrabutyltin is not found in the fulvic acid fractions in any of the samples. The appearance of monomethyl- and dimethyl-tin species in the humic and fulvic acid fractions after the alkaline extraction was surprising. There is a correlation between the humic content of the sample and the formation of methyltin species. Evidence is provided by experiments that humic substances act as methylation agents. 相似文献
5.
A theoretical framework is provided for generalizing the inferences drawn from the results of earlier experimental studies of kinetics of crystallization in oriented poly(ethylene terephthalate). The framework is obtained by combining extensions of classical nucleation theories in polymers3,4 and a theory of crystal growth with anisotropic incorporation of segments into growing crystals.15 It is shown that, while a very strong dependence of rate of primary nucleation on orientation does exist, there is a only a much weaker dependence of rate of crystal growth on the orientation of the crystallizing polymer. The theoretical formulation provided here would allow qualitative estimates for comparison with experiments. 相似文献
6.
Charles L. Watkins Larry K. Krannich Colacot J. Thomas Dileep Srivastava 《Polyhedron》1994,13(24):3299-3307
The reactions of (Me2AlH)3 with Me2AsNMe2, MeAs(NMe2)2, and As(NMe2)3 were investigated as a function of time at room temperature and over the temperature range −90 to 24°C by use of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. (Me2AlH)3 was found to be very reactive toward the aminoarsines, even at −90°C, and no stable Me2AlH-aminoarsine adducts were observed. Instead, the initial stages of the reactions involved AS---N bond cleavage with the generation of highly reactive AlN- and AsH-bonded species. The subsequent course of each reaction and the final arsenic-containing product distribution depended upon the original AL:N stoichiometric ratio and the respective aminoarsine. When the Al:N ratio was 1:1, the reactions were straightforward for each aminoarsine. However, in every case, [Me2AlNMe2]2 was the final AlN-containing product. Independent reactions were carried out to verify many of the proposed decomposition pathways that lead to thermodynamically stable products. The results of this study are compared with those of the analogous, previously reported (Me3Al)2-aminoarsine systems. Additionally, a new synthetic route to [Me2AlAsMe2]3 has been established from the reaction of (Me2AlH)3 with Me2AsH. 相似文献
7.
The unique advantages of quantum dot (QD) bioconjugates have motivated their application in biological assays. However, physical characterization of bioconjugated QDs after surface modification has often been overlooked. Here, biotinylated antibodies (biotin-IgG) were attached to commercial streptavidin-conjugated quantum dots (strep-QDs) at different stoichiometric ratios, and these QD bioconjugates were characterized with atomic force microscopy and discontinuous sodium dodecyl sulfate agarose gel electrophoresis (SDS-AGE). The results from these complementary analytical techniques showed that the molar ratio determined the relative sizes, molecular weights and morphologies of the QD bioconjugates. Additionally, the novel discontinuous SDS-AGE analysis confirmed specific binding between biotin-IgG and strep-QDs. Researchers who design QD bioconjugates for cell-based assays should consider stoichiometry-dependent differences in the physical properties of their QD bioconjugates. 相似文献
8.
A rapid and easy route to formamides by microwave assisted N-formylation of primary and secondary amines is described. Using an insoluble polymer or an inorganic solid-supported reagent as a formylating agent, microwave irradiation furnished the corresponding formamides in high yields, with reduced reaction time and solvent volume over the conventional approach. 相似文献
9.
Camillo A. Ghiron Maurice R. Eftink David A. Engler Salil K. Niyogi 《Photochemistry and photobiology》1992,55(1):29-34
Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence studies have been performed with human epidermal growth factor, a small globular protein having two adjacent tryptophan residues near its C-terminus. Based on the relatively red fluorescence and accessibility to solute quenchers, the two tryptophan residues are found to be exposed to solvent. Anisotropy decay measurements show the dominant depolarizing process to have a sub-nanosecond rotational correlation time indicating the existence of rapid segmental motion of the fluorescing tryptophan residues. From an analysis of the low-temperature excitation anisotropy spectrum of the protein (and in comparison with that of tryptophan, the peptide melittin, and the dipeptide trp-trp), it is concluded that homo-energy transfer and/or exciton interaction occurs between the adjacent tryptophan residues. A thermal transition in the structure of the protein, which is observed by circular dichroism measurements, is not sensed by the steady-state fluorescence of the protein. This result, in conjunction with the anisotropy decay results, indicates that the two tryptophan residues are in a highly flexible C-terminus segment, which is not an integral part of the three-dimensional structure of the protein. Fluorescence measurements with three site-directed mutants also show very little variation. 相似文献
10.
Molecular mass distribution of sodium alginate by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Ci SX Huynh TH Louie LW Yang A Beals BJ Ron N Tsang WG Soon-Shiong P Desai NP 《Journal of chromatography. A》1999,864(2):199-210
A sensitive high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) method with simple UV detection was developed for the molecular mass analysis of sodium alginate. It was used to evaluate alginates of varying molecular mass and the results were compared with the viscosity measurements. This HPSEC method was sensitive to serve as the stability indicating method for alginate after storage under different conditions. The information of relative molecular mass distribution of alginate was provided with reference to pullulan molecular mass standards. The comparison of the HPSEC chromatograms of alginate, pullulan and dextran revealed the effect of chemical composition of a polysaccharide and its effect on apparent molecular mass distribution. 相似文献