Mechanism of the long wavelength photolysis of CS2 vapor

It is proposed that in the long wavelength (λ ≥ 290 nm) photolysis of CS₂ vapor the observed CS and S₂ are produced in the reaction sequence:      

The thermal decomposition of hydro-carbons. Part 1. n-alkanes (C≥5)

The pyrolysis of the long (C≥5) chain n-alkanes is reviewed with emphasis on the radical chain mechanism and on the reactions of the intermediate alkyl radicals. The effects of the experimental conditions and conversion on the types and distributions of the final products are also evaluated. The Arrhenius rate parameters are summarized for both the elementary steps and the overall decomposition reactions.     

Transport in amorphous solid water films: implications for self-diffusivity

Thermal desorption spectroscopy is employed to examine transport mechanisms in structured, nanoscale films consisting of labeled amorphous solid water (ASW, H(2)(18)O, H(2)(16)O) and organic spacer layers (CCl(4), CHCl(3)) prior to ASW crystallization (T approximately 150-160 K). Self-transport is studied as a function of both the ASW layer and the organic spacer layer film thickness, and the effectiveness of these spacer layers as a bulk diffusion "barrier" is also investigated. Isothermal desorption measurements of structured films are combined with gas uptake measurements (CClF(2)H) to investigate water self-transport and changes in ASW film morphology during crystallization and annealing. CCl(4) desorption is employed as a means to investigate the effects of ASW film thickness and heating schedule on vapor-phase transport. Combined, these results demonstrate that the interlayer mixing observed near T approximately 150-160 K is inconsistent with a mechanism involving diffusion through a dense phase; rather, we propose that intermixing occurs via vapor-phase transport through an interconnected network of cracks/fractures created within the ASW film during crystallization. Consequently, the self-diffusivity of ASW prior to crystallization (T approximately 150-160 K) is significantly smaller than that expected for a "fragile" liquid, indicating that water undergoes either a glass transition or a fragile-to-strong transition at a temperature above 160 K.     

Extraction of Alkylphenols and Nonylphenol Mono- and Diethoxylates from Water Using Magnetically Modified Adsorbents

An LC-DAD-ESI-MS⁽²⁾ method was developed for simultaneous analysis of major chemical constituents in Shexiang Baoxin Pill (SBP), an important multiherbal formula in traditional Chinese medicine widely used for treating cardiovascular diseases. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Symmetry C₁₈ column (5 μm, 250 × 4.6 mm), whilst water with 0.5% formic acid and acetonitrile were used as mobile phase. On the basis of the characteristic UV absorption profile, the information of molecular weight and structure provided by ESI-MS⁽²⁾, 57 constituents from moschus, radix rhizoma ginseng, calculus bovis, cortex cinnamomi, styrax and venenum bufonis, were detected and 47 of them were identified in this study. The method can be the basis for the quality control of SBP.     

Simple Zeros of the Riemann Zeta-Function

Assuming the Riemann Hypothesis, Montgomery showed by meansof his pair correlation method that at least two-thirds of thezeros of Riemann's zeta-function are simple. Later he and Taylorimproved this to 67.25 percent and, more recently, Cheer andGoldston increased the percentage to 67.2753. Here we proveby a new method that if the Riemann and Generalized LindelöofHypotheses hold, then at least 70.3704 percent of the zerosare simple and at least 84.5679 percent are distinct. Our methoduses mean value estimates for various functions defined by Dirichletseries sampled at the zeros of the Riemann zeta-function. 1991Mathematics Subject Classification: 11M26.     

Existence and Uniqueness of Fixed Points for Markov Operators and Markov Processes

This paper concerns a Markov operator T on a space L₁, and aMarkov process P which defines a Markov operator on a spaceM of finite signed measures. For T, the paper presents necessaryand sufficient conditions for:

a the existence of invariant probabilitydensities (IPDs)

b the existence of strictly positive IPDs,and

c the existence and uniqueness of IPDs.

Similar resultson invariant probability measures for P are presented. The basicapproach is to pose a fixed-point problem as the problem ofsolving a certain linear equation in a suitable Banach space,and then obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for thisequation to have a solution. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification:60J05, 47B65, 47N30.