全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2182篇 |
免费 | 93篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1749篇 |
晶体学 | 40篇 |
力学 | 22篇 |
数学 | 157篇 |
物理学 | 308篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 21篇 |
2021年 | 27篇 |
2020年 | 42篇 |
2019年 | 39篇 |
2018年 | 22篇 |
2016年 | 64篇 |
2015年 | 64篇 |
2014年 | 59篇 |
2013年 | 100篇 |
2012年 | 115篇 |
2011年 | 154篇 |
2010年 | 86篇 |
2009年 | 105篇 |
2008年 | 103篇 |
2007年 | 126篇 |
2006年 | 102篇 |
2005年 | 92篇 |
2004年 | 83篇 |
2003年 | 73篇 |
2002年 | 80篇 |
2001年 | 41篇 |
2000年 | 30篇 |
1999年 | 33篇 |
1998年 | 34篇 |
1997年 | 38篇 |
1996年 | 39篇 |
1995年 | 31篇 |
1994年 | 25篇 |
1993年 | 22篇 |
1992年 | 22篇 |
1991年 | 24篇 |
1990年 | 20篇 |
1989年 | 17篇 |
1988年 | 17篇 |
1987年 | 15篇 |
1986年 | 19篇 |
1985年 | 22篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 19篇 |
1982年 | 17篇 |
1981年 | 13篇 |
1980年 | 11篇 |
1979年 | 13篇 |
1978年 | 26篇 |
1977年 | 25篇 |
1976年 | 11篇 |
1975年 | 9篇 |
1974年 | 12篇 |
1973年 | 12篇 |
1971年 | 12篇 |
排序方式: 共有2276条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Dr. Jun Zeng Dr. Zhichao Wang Dr. Xin Huang Dr. Sabine S. Eckstein Prof. Dr. Xiaohui Lin Prof. Dr. Hailong Piao Prof. Dr. Cora Weigert Dr. Peiyuan Yin Prof. Dr. Rainer Lehmann Prof. Dr. Guowang Xu 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,25(21):5427-5432
Mass spectrometry (MS) driven metabolomics is a frequently used tool in various areas of life sciences; however, the analysis of polar metabolites is less commonly included. In general, metabolomic analyses lead to the detection of the total amount of all covered metabolites. This is currently a major limitation with respect to metabolites showing high turnover rates, but no changes in their concentration. Such metabolites and pathways could be crucial metabolic nodes (e.g., potential drug targets in cancer metabolism). A stable-isotope tracing capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry (CE-MS) metabolomic approach was developed to cover both polar metabolites and isotopologues in a non-targeted way. An in-house developed software enables high throughput processing of complex multidimensional data. The practicability is demonstrated analyzing [U-13C]-glucose exposed prostate cancer and non-cancer cells. This CE-MS-driven analytical strategy complements polar metabolite profiles through isotopologue labeling patterns, thereby improving not only the metabolomic coverage, but also the understanding of metabolism. 相似文献
2.
Marit Seifert Stephanie Hesse Vasken Kabrelian Dieter Klemm 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2004,42(3):463-470
For the modification of medically useful biomaterials from bacterially synthesized cellulose, fleeces of Acetobacter xylinum have been produced in the presence of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0% (m/v) carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), methylcellulose (MC), and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), respectively, in the Hestrin-Schramm culture medium. The incorporation of the water-soluble polymers into cellulose and their influence on the structure, crystal modifications, and material properties are described. With IR and solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy of the fleeces, the presence of the cellulose ethers and an increase in the amorphous parts of the cellulose modifications (NMR results) have been detected. The incorporation is represented by a higher product yield, too. As demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy, a porelike cellulose network structure forms in the presence of CMC and MC. This modified structure increases the water retention ability (expressed as the water content), the ion absorption capacity, and the remaining nitrogen-containing residues from the culture medium or bacteria cells. The water content of bacterial cellulose (BC) in the never dried state and the freeze-dried, reswollen state can be controlled by the CMC concentration in the culture solution. The freeze-dried, reswollen BC-CMC (2.0%) contains 96% water after centrifugation, whereas standard BC has only 73%. About 98% water is included in a BC-MC composite in the wet state, and about 93% is included in the reswollen state synthesized in the presence of 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0% MC. These biomaterial composites can be stored in the dried state and reswollen before use, reaching a higher water absorption than pure, never dried BC. The copper ion capacity of BC-CMC composites increases proportionally with the added amount of CMC. BC-CMC (0.5%) can absorb 3 times more copper ions than original BC. In the case of 0.5 and 1.0% PVA additions to the culture solution, this polymer cannot be detected in the cellulose fleeces after they are washed. Nevertheless the presence of PVA in the culture medium effects a decreased product yield, a retention of nitrogen-containing residues in the material during purification, a reduced water absorption ability, and a slightly higher copper ion capacity in comparison with original BC. The water content of freeze-dried, reswollen BC-PVA (0.5%) is only 62%. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 463–470, 2004 相似文献
3.
Ralf Jäger Anatolij I. Saprykin J. Sabine Becker Hans -Joachim Dietze José A. C. Broekaert 《Mikrochimica acta》1997,125(1-4):41-44
The analytical capabilities of a high-resolution mass spectrometer in combination with a 13.56 MHz glow discharge ion source for the analysis of semiconducting materials (silicon carbide and gallium arsenide) were studied. It was shown that single positively charged ions of sample material have about 10 eV higher average energy than the ions of the discharge and residual gas. Therefore effective energy separation of the ions of analyte from the ions of the discharge and residual gas was achieved by adjusting the ion transfer optics (breadth and position of energy slit), which improves the analytical capabilities of the developed method.Some analytical applications are presented to illustrate the performance of r.f. GDMS for the bulk analysis of semiconducting materials. The results of the trace element analysis of gallium arsenide and silicon carbide samples are compared with data of independent methods (LIMS, ICP-AES, SIMS).Dedicated to Professor Dr. rer. nat. Dr. h.c. Hubertus Nickel on the occasion of his 65th birthdayOn leave from the Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia 相似文献
4.
Active flow-separation control is an effective and efficient mean for drag reduction and unsteady load alleviation resulting
from locally or massively separated flow. Such a situation occurs in configurations where the aerodynamic performance is of
secondary importance to functionality. The performance of heavy transport helicopters and aeroplanes, having a large, and
almost flat, aft loading ramp suffer from the poor aerodynamics of the aft body. Hence, a combined experimental and numerical
investigation was undertaken on a generic transport aeroplane/helicopter configuration. The experimental study provided surface
pressures, direct drag measurements, surface and smoke flow visualization. The baseline flow was numerically analyzed, using
finite volume solutions of the RANS equations. The baseline flow around the model was insensitive to the Reynolds number in
the range it was tested. The flow separating from the aft body was characterized by two main sources of drag and unsteadiness.
The first is a separation bubble residing at the lower ramp corner and the second is a pair of vortex systems developing and
separating from the sides of the ramp. As the model incidence is decreased, the pair of vortex systems also penetrates deeper
towards the centerline of the ramp, decreasing the pressure and increasing the drag. As expected, the ramp lower corner bubble
was highly receptive to periodic excitation introduced from four addressable piezo-fluidic actuators situated at the ramp
lower corner. Total drag was reduced by 3–11%, depending on the model incidence. There are indications that the flow in the
wake of the model is also significantly steadier when the bubble at the lower ramp corner is eliminated. The vortex system
is tighter and steadier when the ramp-corner bubble is eliminated. 相似文献
5.
Sunanda Banerjee Rohini M Godbole Sreerup Raychaudhuri Ben Allanach Sunanda Banerjee Satyaki Bhattacharyya Debajyoti Choudhury Siba Prasad Das Anindya Datta Rohini M Godbole Monoranjan Guchait Sabine Kraml Gobinda Majumdar David Miller Margarete Mühlleitner Nobuchika Okada Maxim Perelstein Santosh K Rai Sreerup Raychaudhuri Saurabh D Rindani DP Roy K Sridhar Rishikesh Vaidya D Zeppenfeld 《Pramana》2006,67(4):617-637
This is summary of the activities of the working group on collider physics in the IXth Workshop on High Energy Physics Phenomenology
(WHEPP-9) held at the Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar, India in January 2006. Some of the work subsequently done on these
problems by the subgroups formed during the workshop is included in this report. 相似文献
6.
7.
Using [Cp(Me)5Rh(bipy)C1]C1 (1) as redox catalyst for the continous NADH regeneration it was possible to perform an electrochemically driven enzymatic reduction of pyruvate to D-lactate catalyzed by D-LDH at a rate of 5 turnovers per hour. This is by a factor of 20 faster than the best results obtained until now. Current yields of 50 to 70 % may be obtained. 相似文献
8.
The ternary system CsCl?NaCl?LaCl3 was investigated by means of differential thermal analysis and X-ray powder diffraction analysis. There exists one congruently melting compound, Cs2NaLaCl6, crystallizing with the cubic elpasolite structure. No quasi-binary section exists for the whole system, however three binaries range from the ternary compound Cs2NaLaCl6 to NaCl, CsLa2Cl7 and Cs3LaCl6 resp., dividing the system in three areas of composition: one triangle, Cs3LaCl6?Cs2NaLaCl6?CsLa2Cl7, containing additionally a compound Cs2LaCl5 below 510°C, and the two areas CsCl?NaCl?Cs2NaLaCl6?Cs3LaCl6 and Cs2NaLaCl6?NaCl?LaCl3?CsLa2Cl7, containing a mixed crystal range between LaCl3 and Na3La5Cl18. These areas could be further divided in five triangles, so that the whole system contains six Alkemade triangles. 相似文献
9.
Wolfgang A Herrmann Karl Öfele Denise v. Preysing Sabine K Schneider 《Journal of organometallic chemistry》2003,687(2):229-248
Due to the great importance of palladium-catalyzed Heck-type reactions in scientific and industrial chemistry, a lot of publications and reviews have been published during the last years describing this matter under different aspects. This article presents a summary of catalytic applications of palladium complexes with phosphorus ligands containing a metallated sp3-carbon centre (“palladacycles”) or with N-heterocyclic carbene ligands in C-C and C-N coupling reactions of aryl halides including recent results of mechanistic discussions about their role in the catalytic cycle. 相似文献
10.
F. Jancik B. Seifert C. K. Laird W. Czysz J. S. Dunnett W. Schmidt und P. Bachhausen 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1987,327(7):747-755
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献