Diffusion of water in additively colored potassium iodide crystals

The diffusion of water into additively colored potassium iodide has been studied in the range 15–45°C. Penetration depths, measured by decrease in the F-band absorption, increase with $\text{t}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}$. The diffusion coefficient, D = 0·58 exp (?6496/T) cm² sec^?1 agrees very well with that determined by other workers. The Henry's law constant, $\text{K =}\text{C}{}_0\text{p}{}_{\mathrm{w}}\text{= 1·3 × 10}{}^9\text{exp}\text{(+4882/T)}\text{cm}{}^{\mathrm{?3}}\text{torr}{}^{\mathrm{?1}}$ implies a water concentration of C₀ ? 10¹⁷ molecules per cm³ in the surface of KI crystals in equilibrium with an environment at 25°C and 35 per cent relative humidity. The large C₀ makes penetration very rapid. Diffusion occurs by interstitial migration of water molecules with an entropy of activation of 9.4 cal/mol deg and an enthalpy of activation of 12·9 kcal/mol.     

Avinosol, a meroterpenoid-nucleoside conjugate with antiinvasion activity isolated from the marine sponge Dysidea sp

[structure: see text] The new meroterpenoids avinosol (1), 3'-aminoavarone (2), and 3'-phenethylaminoavarone (3) have been isolated from the marine sponge Dysidea sp. collected in Papua New Guinea, and their structures were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data. Avinosol (1), which is apparently the first example of a naturally occurring meroterpenoid-nucleoside conjugate, showed antiinvasion activity in a cell-based assay.     

UTILIZATION OF TOOLS FOR SUCCESSFUL. TROUBLESHOOTING OF STRUCTURAL PROBLEMS

A structural failure problem was solved using an integrated and iterative program of testing and analysis. The steps taken in solving the problem were: analytical calculations; operational testing; qualifications of analytical results; problem identification; design of corrective action; and confirmatory testing.     

Vortex lattice transitions in YNi2B2C

We have performed extensive small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) diffraction studies of the vortex lattice in single crystal YNi₂B₂C for B‖c. High-resolution SANS, combined with a field-oscillation vortex lattice preparation technique, allows us to separate Bragg scattered intensities from two orthogonal domains and accurately determine the unit cell angle, β. The data suggest that upon increasing field there is a finite transition width where both low- and high-field distorted hexagonal vortex lattice phases, mutually rotated by 45°, coexist. The smooth variation of diffracted intensity from each phase through the transition corresponds to a redistribution of populations between the two types of domains.     

Neopetrosiamides, peptides from the marine sponge Neopetrosia sp. that inhibit amoeboid invasion by human tumor cells

[structure: see text] Neopetrosiamdes A (1) and B (2), two diastereomeric tricyclic peptides that inhibit amoeboid invasion of human tumor cells, have been isolated from the marine sponge Neopetrosia sp. collected in Papua New Guinea. The structures of the neopetrosiamides were elucidated by analysis of MS and NMR data and confirmed by chemical degradation.     

Flow phenomena in floppy tubes

Collapsible tubes, which occur all over the body, have unique properties from the point of view of both physics and physiology. A brief review is attempted of first the basic observable properties, followed by simple theory to explain the steady-flow aspects and an overview of the somewhat more complex theories for unsteady flow, in particular the flow-induced oscillations. The experimental evidence from laboratory studies is reviewed with particular emphasis on the dynamical system aspects. A final section looks at the current position and prospects.     

Magnetism and superconductivity in ErNi2B2C

We have performed a series of neutron diffraction experiments from the magnetic order and the vortex lattice in single crystal ErNi₂B₂C. The incommensurate magnetic structure develops additional even harmonics below the ‘ferromagnetic’ ordering temperature, T _F of 2.3 K. This feature and the existence of rods of diffuse scattering suggest the development of ferromagnetic microdomain walls. The magnetic structure is very sensitive to the application of a magnetic field with changes in modulation vector and harmonic content. Studies of the vortex lattice show the presence of a 45° reorientation transition and a distorted hexagonal to square transition as a function of applied field. Further distortions of the vortex lattice occur at T _N, but no changes are seen at T _F.