To identify the explosive used in a terrorist attack, or to obtain an early sign of environmental pollution it is important
to use simple and rapid assays able to detect analytes at low levels, possibly on-site. This is particularly true for TNT
(2,4,6-trinitrotoluene), one of the most employed explosives in the 20th century and at the same time, because of its toxicity,
a well known pollutant. In this work we describe the development of an indirect competitive ELISA with chemiluminescent detection
(CL-ELISA) and of a lateral-flow immunoassay (LFIA) based on colloidal gold nanoparticle labels. A commercially available
monoclonal antibody was used and 13 specially synthesized conjugates were tested. We optimized the assay by determining the
optimal concentration of monoclonal antibody and conjugates and the influence of various non-specific factors such as: tolerance
to organic solvents at different concentrations, the washing and competitive step time, and the cross-reactivity with related
compounds. The sensitivity and reproducibility of the CL-ELISA were good (LOD and IC50 values in the ng mL−1 range, and CV value about 7%). It has been applied to real samples of various materials involved in a controlled explosion
of an “improvised explosive device”. Three extraction procedures were tested on these samples, all employing methanol as the
solvent. The lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), developed by using the same immunoreagents, reached a detection limit of 1 μg mL−1 when tested on the same samples analysed by CL-ELISA.
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The X-ray crystal structures ofE-N, N-dimethyl-3-phenyl-2-propenylideniminium perchlorate,1, andE-N, N-dimethyl-3-(p-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenylideniminium perchlorate,2, have been determined.E-N,N-dimethyl-3-phenyl-2-propenylideniminium perchlorate, (C11H14N+)(ClO4–),1, is orthorhombic:Pmcn (No. 62)a=6.595(1),b=18,288(4),c=10.216(2) Å,Z=4.E-N, N-dimethyl-3-(p-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenylideniminium perchlorate, (C12H16NO+)(ClO4–),2, is triclinic:P1 (No. 2) with cell dimensionsa=6.862(1),b=9.830(2),c=13.376(3) Å,=119.05(1),=114.99(2), =90.79(2)°, andZ=2. Data for both crystals were collected with the use of MoK radiation and a Syntex P21 diffractometer. The crystal structures were solved by standard methods and refined toR1=0.0688,R2=0.0772 for1 andR1=0.0790 andR2=0.0757 for 2 based on 869 and 1765 independent reflections, respectively. The bond distances are consistent with a highly localized structure with the positive charge situated principally in the iminium moiety. The13C NMR spectra of these salts were obtained on the crystalline solids by CPMAS methods. Since the13C chemical shifts of the salts were very similar, in both solution and solid states, it was concluded that the structures of the salts were comparable in both phases and were analogous. 相似文献
The influence of the liquid composition on the chemical and morphological properties of copper-based nanostructures synthesized by a non-equilibrium atmospheric plasma treatment is investigated and discussed. The synthesis approach is simple and environmentally friendly, employs a non-equilibrium nanopulsed atmospheric pressure plasma jet as a contactless cathode and a Cu foil as immersed anode. The process was studied using four distinct electrolyte solutions composed of distilled water and either NaCl?+?NaOH, NaCl only or NaOH only at two different concentrations, without the addition of any copper salts. CuO crystalline structures with limited impurities (e.g. Cu and Cu(OH)2 phases) were produced from NaCl?+?NaOH containing solutions, mainly CuO and CuCl2 structures were synthesized in the electrolyte solution containing only NaCl and no synthesis occurred in solutions containing only NaOH. Both aggregated and dispersed nanostructures were produced in the NaCl?+?NaOH and NaCl containing solutions. Reaction pathways leading to the formation of the nanostructures are proposed and discussed. 相似文献
The X-ray crystal structure ofd-,-dimethylcysteic acid, C5H11NO5S, has been determined. The compound is monoclinic, space groupP214 (No. 4), with cell dimensionsa=8.133(1),b=8.094(1),c=6.3138(7) Å,=96.36(1)° andZ=2. The structure was solved by Patterson and electron density difference methods and refined toR=0.025,Rw=0.022 for 1081 reflections. Bond lengths and angles do not differ from those in similar structures. The crystal is held together by intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The vibrational spectra have been recorded and assigned and the1 H and13C NMR spectra were measured. 相似文献
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