Possibility of applying the electrochemical version of the Horner reaction to the synthesis of unsaturated lactones

Direct electrochemical reduction of specially synthesized 2-[(diethoxyphosphorylacetoxy] benzaldehyde on a platinum electrode in an aprotic medium is accompanied by ester bond cleavage, and not formation of coumarin via the phosphonate-anion followed by intramolecular Horner cyclization. This could be realized, as a matter of principle, in the presence of an ionol anion (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxide), electrochemically generatedin situ.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 144–146, January, 1993.     

Experimental investigation and kinetic modeling of the negative temperature coefficient of the reaction rate in rich propane—oxygen mixtures

The phenomenon of the negative temperature coefficient (NTC) of the reaction rate of the oxidation of rich propane—oxygen mixtures was experimentally studied. The NTC phenomenon is qualitatively described by a simple kinetic model containing a minimum set of reactions related to the oxidation of the starting hydrocarbon, propane, and the propyl C₃H₇ ^. radical formed. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, pp. 2120–2124, December, 1997.     

Steady streaming around a spherical drop displaced from the velocity antinode in an acoustic levitation field

The steady (acoustic) streaming associated with a sphericaldrop displaced from the velocity antinode of a standing waveis studied. The ratio of the particle size to the acoustic wavelengthis treated as small but non-zero, and the solution is developedin the form of a two-term expansion in terms of the correspondingsmallness parameter. The drop viscosity is assumed to be muchhigher than that of the surrounding fluid, which is the casefor a drop in a gas medium. There are essentially three distinctregions where the steady streaming flow is analysed: insidethe drop (internal circulation), in the Stokes shear-wave layerat the surface on the gas side, and the gas outside the Stokeslayer (the outer streaming region). Solutions for the internalcirculation and the outer streaming are obtained in the limitof small Reynolds number. Despite the gas-to-liquid viscosity ratio being small, the outerstreaming may be dramatically affected by the fact that thesphere is liquid as opposed to solid. The parameter that measuresthe effect of liquidity is essentially the viscosity ratio dividedby the relative (to the particle size) thickness of the Stokeslayer. The case of a solid sphere is recovered by letting thisparameter go to zero.     

Simple synthesis of O-benzylidene derivatives of sugars

Conclusions A convenient method was proposed for obtaining cyclic O-benzylidene acetals of sugars.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 9, pp. 2160–2161, September, 1977.     

Thermodynamic rearrangement synthesis and NMR structures of C1, C3, and T isomers of C60H36

The structures of three C60H36 isomers, produced by high-temperature transfer hydrogenation of C(60) in a 9,10-dihydroanthracene melt, was accomplished by 2D (1)H-detected NMR experiments, recorded at 800 MHz. The unsymmetrical C(1) isomer is found to be the most abundant one (60-70%), followed by the C(3) isomer (25-30%) and the least abundant T isomer (2-5%). All three isomers are closely related in structure and have three vicinal hydrogens located on each of the 12 pentagons. Facile hydrogen migration on the fullerene surface during annealing at elevated temperatures is believed to be responsible for the preferential formation of these thermodynamically most stable C60H36 isomers. This hypothesis was further supported by thermal conversion of C60H36 isomers to a single C(3v) isomer of C60H18.     

Two characteristic properties of normal distributions in the class NH

In this note are deduced two characterizations of normal distributions in the class NH of probability distributions on a plane whose densities admit diagonal expansions in series of Hermite polynomials and the marginal distributions are standardized and normal.Translated from Matematicheskie Zametkl, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 139–146, July, 1976.