Semiumbilic points for minimal surfaces in Euclidean 4-space

We show that locally conformally flat gradient Ricci solitons, possibly incomplete, are locally isometric to a warped product of an interval and a space form. Consequently, we get that complete gradient shrinking and steady Ricci solitons with vanishing Weyl tensor are rotationally symmetric, from which their classification follows.     

A satellite of the grand Furuta inequality and its application

The grand Furuta inequality has the following satellite (SGF;$t\in [0\text{,}1]$), given as a mean theoretic expression:$A?B>0\text{,}t\in [0\text{,}1]?A^{-r+t}{\#}_{\frac{1-t+r}{(p-t)s+r}}(A^t{?}_s{B}^p)?B\text{for}r?t\text{;}p\text{,}s?1\text{,}$where ${\#}_{\alpha }$ is the $\alpha$-geometric mean and ${?}_s$ ($s?[0\text{,}1]$) is a formal extension of ${\#}_{\alpha }$. It is shown that (SGF; $t\in [0\text{,}1]$) has the Löwner–Heinz property, i.e. (SGF; $t=1$) implies (SGF;t) for every $t\in [0\text{,}1]$. Furthermore, we show that a recent further extension of (GFI) by Furuta himself has also the Löwner–Heinz property.     

Facile synthesis of enantiopure 1,1′-binaphthyl-2,2′-dicarboxylic acid via lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution

Enantiopure 1,1′-binaphthyl-2,2′-dicarboxylic acids (R)-1 and (S)-1 have been synthesized through the lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution of the racemic 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,1′-binaphthyl (±)-2 and subsequent oxidation of the hydroxymethyl groups.     

Semisynthesis of isetexane diterpenoid analogues and their cytotoxic activity

Isetexane diterpene analogues were semisynthesized from demethylsalvicanol isolated from Perovskia abrotanoides (Labiatae). The structure and cytotoxic activity relationships (SAR) of the natural parent diterpene, demethylsalvicanol, and its semisynthetic analogues were studied by using P388 murine leukemia cells.     

One-pot enantioselective syntheses of iminosugar derivatives using organocatalytic anti-michael-anti-aza-Henry reactions

Organocatalyst-controlled asymmetric anti-Michael reactions of (tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)acetaldehyde with a range of nitroolefins, followed by an intermolecular aza-Henry reaction with imine, provided iminosugar derivatives with five contiguous stereocenters in very high enantiomeric excess in one pot. The stereochemistry of the aza-Henry reaction was substrate controlled and is explained by a six-membered cyclic transition-state model.     

Kenmotsu–Bryant Type Representation Formulas for Constant Mean Curvature Surfaces in ” 3(-c2) and S 3 1(c2)

Let c be a positive constant and H a constant satisfying |H| > c. Our primary object of this paper is to give representation formulas for branched CMC H (constant mean curvature H) surfaces in the hyperbolic 3-space ³(-c²) of constant curvature c², and for spacelike CMC H surfaces in the de Sitter 3-space S ³ ₁(c²) of constant curvature c². These formulas imply, for example, that every CMC H surface in ³(-c²) can be represented locally by a harmonic map to the unit 2-sphere S².     

Increased levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in Drosophila larval DNA after irradiation with 364-nm laser light but not with X-rays

Exposure to UVA light causes damage to cellular components such as DNA and membrane lipids. We showed previously that UVA irradiation can induce mutations in Drosophila larvae and that the major lesions responsible for mutations were not thymidine dimers when wavelengths tested became longer. The use of a longer wavelength with UVA laser apparatus (364 nm) has made it possible to test the effects of this powerful light in biological organisms. In the present study, we irradiated third instar larvae of the urate-null Drosophila mutant strain y v ma-l, which is sensitive to oxidative stress, and compared the effects of 364 nm light irradiation with the effects of X-rays. To assay viability, some of the larvae were kept at 25 degrees C until they eclosed in order to obtain a measure of viability. The remaining larvae were used to measure the amount of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), an indicator of oxidative DNA damage. The amount of 8-OHdG increased and viability decreased in response to increased UV dose in both the y v ma-l and wild-type strains. With irradiation of 600 kJ m(-2), 8-OHdG/10(6)dG was 7.2 +/- 3.2 and 6.2 +/- 2.0 in y v ma-l and wild-type strains, respectively, whereas the respective levels were 2.2 +/- 0.6 and 2.3 +/- 0.8 without irradiation. Our results indicated that irradiation with a 364-nm laser light caused significant oxidative damage in Drosophila larval DNA; however, induction of the damage was not prohibited by urate. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a study in whole animals that shows increased levels of 8-OHdG in response to 364-nm UVA. X-ray ionizing radiation is also thought to generate reactive oxygen species in irradiated cells. We found that the amount of 8-OHdG in DNA following X-ray radiation remained unchanged in both strains, though survival rates were affected. X-ray-generated oxidative damage in Drosophila cells was followed by cell death but not DNA base oxidation, and the damage was suppressed by urate. The overall results suggest significant differences in the major in vivo oxidative damage caused by 364-nm light and X-rays.     

Structure-activity relationships of N-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-n-octyloxycinnamoyl)-N'-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)piperazine and analogues as inhibitors of acyl-CoA: cholesterol O-acyltransferase.

A novel series of acyl-CoA: cholesterol O-acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitors were synthesized from a lead compound, 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-phenylhept-1-en-3-one (1, Yakuchinone B) through a modification of three regions (A, B, C) in the molecule. In this study, the compounds prepared were tested for in vitro inhibitory activity on microsomal ACAT from the liver of rats and for in vivo hypocholesterolemic activity in rats given a high cholesterol diet. N-(3,5-Dimethoxy-4-n-octyloxycinnamoyl)-N'-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)piperazine (45), which belongs to the amide compounds, has finally been discovered. Compound 45 inhibited rat hepatic ACAT in a more striking manner than CI-976, an amide compound ACAT inhibitor, and it exhibited a high level of hypocholesterolemic activity in vivo. Since 45 strongly inhibited both microsomal ACAT prepared from HepG2 (a cell line derived from human hepatocarcinoma) and Caco2 (a cell line derived from human colon adenocarcinoma), there is speculation that 45 might have the ability to inhibit ACAT in both the human intestine and liver independent of the difference in the distribution of ACAT isozymes. On the other hand, 45 did not induce adrenotoxicity in subacute toxicity studies in rats. These results suggest that it has promise for development as a new therapeutic agent for hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis.     

A global correspondence between CMC-surfaces in

We show there is a global correspondence between branched constant mean curvature (i.e. CMC-) immersions in and pairs of non-conformal harmonic maps into in the same associated family. Furthermore, we give two applications.