Sorption of Zn(II) and Cd(II) by chelating resins: Comparison of three resins

Ion-exchange resins, especially chelating resins are used for pre-concentration of metal ions in trace analysis as well as for radiochemical separations following neutron activation of a variety of environmental samples. As part of a systematic study of the sorption characteristics of chelating resins, sorption of Zn(II) and Cd(II) by three chelating resins were studied for various acid conditions in nitrate and chloride media. Both Zn(II) and Cd(II) showed similar behavior. Under higher acid conditions, maximum sorption occurred in 3M HCl solutions. Under low acid conditions, the sorption increased with pH. Chelex 100 gave the highest sorption among the three resins. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Sorption of silver ions by Chelex 100 chelating resin

Sorption of Ag⁺, Ag(NH₃) _n ⁺ , and anionic complexes of silver with chloride and thiocyanate ions by Chelex 100, a chelating resin, were investigated systematically. The results are utilized to interpret the seemingly contradictory data available in the literature     

Use of isooctyl thioglycolate for the separation of tin and antimony

The extraction characteristics of isooctyl thioglycolate (IOTG), a chelating agent, in various diluents has been studied with respect to the metal ions, tin(IV) and antimony(III), in hydrochloric acid medium. It is concluded that antimony(III) can be separated from tin(IV) with 85% yield and with a decontamination factor of at least 1·10⁵ using IOTG diluted with petroleum ether and 3M HCl medium. Tin(IV) can be separated conveniently from antimony(III) in 2M HCl with 95% yield and with a decontamination factor greater than 7·10⁵ using IOTG diluted with carbon tetrachloride.     

The study of distribution coefficients of silver and mercury with chelating ion-exhange resin Dowex A-1

The distribution coefficients (DC) for HgCl ₄ ^2– , Hg(SO₄) ₂ ^2– , Hg(NO₃) ₄ ^2– , Ag⁺, Ag(SCN) ₂ ^– and Ag(NH₃) ₂ ⁺ between aqueous solutions and Dowex A-1 were measured in varying hydrogen ion concentrations. The DC of Ag⁺ in the NO ₃ ^– media was very low (4 to 6). The DC for the Ag(SCN) ₂ ^– complex decreased as pH increased. The Ag(NH₃) ₂ ⁺ complex had a constant DC of about 65 from pH 8 and above. The trend observed for three mercury complexes in HCl, H₂SO₄ and HNO₃ was similar; the DC decreased steadily from 0.1M to 6M. The HgCl ₄ ^2– complex had the highest DC (9000) while the Hg(NO₃) ₄ ^2– complex had the lowest DC (2000).     

Synthesis and Structures of Arene Ruthenium (II)–NHC Complexes: Efficient Catalytic α‐alkylation of ketones via Hydrogen Auto Transfer Reaction

A panel of six new arene Ru (II)‐NHC complexes 2a‐f , (NHC = 1,3‐diethyl‐(5,6‐dimethyl)benzimidazolin‐2‐ylidene 1a , 1,3‐dicyclohexylmethyl‐(5,6‐dimethyl)benzimidazolin‐2‐ylidene 1b and 1,3‐dibenzyl‐(5,6‐dimethyl)benzimidazolin‐2‐ylidene 1c ) were synthesized from the transmetallation reaction of Ag‐NHC with [(η⁶‐arene)RuCl₂]₂ and characterized. The ruthenium (II)‐NHC complexes 2a‐f were developed as effective catalysts for α‐alkylation of ketones and synthesis of bioactive quinoline using primary/amino alcohols as coupling partners respectively. The reactions were performed with 0.5 mol% catalyst load in 8 h under aerobic condition and the maximum yield was up to 96%. Besides, the different alkyl wingtips on NHC and arene moieties were studied to differentiate the catalytic robustness of the complexes in the transformations.     

Synthesis and structural characterization of Pd(II) thiosemicarbazonato complex: Catalytic evaluation in synthesis of diaryl ketones from aryl aldehydes and arylboronic acids

A simple route to synthesize triphenylphosphinopalladium(II) thiosemicarbazonato complex has been described. Elemental analysis, spectral (IR, NMR) and single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques were employed for the complete characterization of the complex. The latter was found to be effective catalyst for carbon–carbon cross-coupling reaction of aryl- and heteroarylboronic acids with aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes to form the corresponding diaryl ketones. The influence of reaction parameters such as solvent, base, reaction temperature and catalyst loading was also investigated.     

Effect of reagent concentration on Cerenkov counting efficiency

Cerenkov counting is often regarded as a modified version of liquid scintillation counting in which chemical quenching is not manifested. However, the mechanism of Cerenkov counting is such that changes in the concentration of reagents in the counting medium results in changes in Cerenkov counting efficiency. Large changes in counting efficiency occur for nuclides with low average beta energy values (Ē_β). The percent increase in Cerenkov counting efficiency in 4M HCl (relative to water) for various nuclides was found to be a smooth function of Ē_β. The relative change in counting efficiency for²⁴Na,³²P,⁴²K and²⁰⁴Tl in HCl, NH₄Cl and/or NaCl media are presented. The data emphasizes the need to keep the concentration of various chemicals in Cerenkov counting media constant, especially for nuclides with low Ē_β, values, in order to reproduce counting efficiency.     

6,6′‐Di­methoxy‐2,2′‐[(1R,2R)‐cyclo­hexane‐1,2‐diyl­bis­(nitrilo­methyl­idyne)]­diphenol: three C—H⃛O hydrogen bonds generate a three‐dimensional framework

Molecules of the title compound, alternatively called (R,R)‐N,N′‐bis(3‐methoxysalicylidene)‐trans‐cyclohexane‐1,2‐diamine, C₂₂H₂₆N₂O₄, contain two intramolecular O—H⃛N hydrogen bonds and adopt a conformation with approximate twofold rotational symmetry. The mol­ecules are linked by three C—H⃛O hydrogen bonds [H⃛O = 2.45–2.55 Å, C⃛O = 3.329 (2)–3.398 (2) Å and C—H⃛O = 142–172°] into a continuous framework.     

Gold Nanocages as Effective Photothermal Transducers in Killing Highly Tumorigenic Cancer Cells

Numerous gold nanostructures have the potential for photothermal therapy in cancers. Here, gold nanocages and gold nanoshells are synthesized, the sizes of which are fine‐tuned for a response at 750 nm wavelength. Their photothermal therapeutic efficiency is compared at gold concentration of 100 lg mL^?1 using a near‐infrared laser (750 nm). The biocompatibility for varying concentrations of gold (1 to 100 lg mL^?1) is performed in a normal cell line and laser‐mediated cell cytotoxicity for varying time intervals (7.5 and 10 min) is carried out in breast cancer cells. This study shows that when analyzed under similar conditions, the gold nanocages show better biocompatibility and are more efficient in near‐infrared absorption and photothermal conversion in comparison with conventional gold nanoshells. When subjected to photothermal laser ablation of breast cancer cell line for 7.5 min and 10 min, the nanocages are able to induce 62.92 ± 3.25% and 96.41 ± 3.04% reduction in cell viability, respectively, in comparison to nanoshells, in which a 43.35 ± 1.91% and 79.89 ± 4.74% reduction in cell viability is observed. The current study shows that the gold nanocages can outperform gold nanoshells and effectively kill cancer cells without any significant cytotoxic effect on normal cells.     

Palladium(II) thiocarboxamide complexes: synthesis, characterisation and application to catalytic Suzuki coupling reactions

A simple route to synthesise palladium(II) complexes from the reaction of N-substituted pyridine-2-thiocarboxamide ligands and PdCl(2)(PPh(3))(2) has been developed. The new complexes are very soluble in common solvents and have been fully characterised (elemental analysis, FT-IR, (1)H, (31)P, (13)C-NMR), including an X-ray diffraction analysis. The molecular structures of all the complexes were determined and reveal the presence of square planar geometry around Pd with little distortion. The complexes were tested in the Suzuki coupling of electronically deactivated aryl and heteroaryl bromides and were found to have much greater activity, without using any promoting additives or phase transfer agent under aerobic conditions. Higher reaction rates are obtained by varying R substituents on the aromatic ring of pyridine-2-thiocarboxamide. The effect of other variables on the cross-coupling reaction, such as temperature, solvent and base, is also reported.