Limited stability of the pH reference material sodium tetraborate decahydrate (“borax”)

Thermogravimetric and X-ray powder diffraction analyses revealed that the pH reference material sodium tetraborate decahydrate (“borax”) is not a stable substance but, loosing some of its water of crystallization, transforms slowly into the pentahydrate. The connected pH changes of the solutions are opposite to and larger than, those expected according to the dilution value of the decahydrate as shown by differential potentiometric measurements. The transformation rate depends on the storing time in the closed original container, the time of and after the first exposure of the material to the atmosphere, the frequency of and the relative humidity during subsequent exposures, and the temperature. The transformation reaction is not understood in detail. However, the experiments showed that sodium tetraborate decahydrate is a reliable pH reference material, whose pH is constant within ΔpH=±0.005 within at least two years after preparation, even if occasionally exposed to the atmosphere. Further work will show whether this time limit can be somewhat extended.     

Fractals and generalized inner products

The generation of fractals by a generalization of the matrix product is described. These matrix products allow visualization of additional structure of the fractals as well as producing fractals of new types.     

Solubility enhancement of triflumizole by host-guest interaction with β-cyclodextrin

Summary The solubility enhancement of triflumizole, a systemic fungicide, by -cyclodextrin inclusion complexation was investigated by electron absorption spectroscopy. The respective association constant determined by different methods was estimated to 470±20M ^–1 in aqueous solution. A model for the host-guest complexation was deduced by molecular calculations.

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Löslichkeitsverbesserung von Triflumizole durchHost-Guest-Complexierung mit -Cyclodextrin

Zusammenfassung Die Löslichkeitsverbesserung des systemischen Fungizids Triflumizole durch Komplexierung mit -Cyclodextrin wurde mittels Elektronenabsorptionsspektroskopie untersucht. Die entsprechende Stabilitätskonstante wurde durch verschiedene Methoden erfaßt und betrug im wäßrigen Medium 470±20M ^–1. Ein Model für denHost-Guest-Complex wurde durch Molekülrechnungen erstellt.

     

Oxidation of polyethylene surfaces by remote plasma discharge: A comparison study with alternative oxidation methods

The reaction rates and products of remote oxygen plasma treatment, corona discharge, and ozone treatment of high and low density polyethylenes have been examined using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The oxygen uptake by remote plasma treatment was faster than that of other surface treatments using excited oxygen species. A steady state concentration of 18 ± 1% oxygen can be attained within 1 s of exposure in the remote plasma.     

On triazoles. VII Synthesis of novel tri- and tetracyclic ring systems

The ring-closure of the 5-amino-1-(2-aminophenyl)-3-methylthio-1H-1,2,4-triazole derivatives 3 and 4 with different simple and cyclic C₁ components lead to the formation of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-α]-1,3,5-benzotriazepines 5–6 , their 4,5-dihydro- 7 , different 5-spiro-homocyclic- 8–13 , and 5-spiro-heterocyclic- 14-15 analogues. The structure of the compounds obtained was proved with the use of their ir, uv, ¹H-nmr and ¹³C-nmr spectra.     

Chromatographic competitive binding immunoassays: a comparison of the sequential and simultaneous injection methods

Two approaches for performing competitive binding immunoassays by HPLC and other flow-based systems are the simultaneous and sequential injection methods. Both these techniques make use of a column with a limited amount of antibody, onto which is injected a sample and a fixed amount of a labeled analyte analog. An indirect measure of the unlabeled analyte in the sample is then obtained by looking at the amount of analog in either the nonretained or retained peaks. In the simultaneous injection mode, the sample and labeled analog are applied at the same time to the column, while in the sequential mode the sample is injected first, followed by the analog. This results in a difference in the analytical characteristics of these two approaches. This study used chromatographic theory and previous data obtained for injections of human serum albumin (HSA) onto an anti-HSA antibody column to compare the response, detection limits, range, and sensitivity of these methods. Under equivalent conditions, it was found that the sequential method always provided the best lower limit of detection and sensitivity. However, the simultaneous mode had a broader dynamic range and higher upper limit of detection. From these observations, several guidelines were developed regarding the use and selection of such assays for new applications.     

On triazoles XXXVIII. The reaction of isomeric 5-amino-3-morpholino-1H-1,2,4-triazolylcarbothiohydrazides with ortho esters

The reaction of isomeric differently methylated 5-amino-3-morpholino-1H-1,2,4-triazolylcarbo-thiohydrazides with ortho esters were studied. Except of the case of triethyl orthoacetate instead of the expected [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-d][1,2,4,6]tetrazepin-5(7H)-thione ( 6 ) derivatives different rearranged products such as 7, 8, 21, 23, 25 , and 27 were obtained, derivatives 23 and 27 representing a novel ring system. Possible explanations were given for the formation of the rearranged products.     

Konvexität in halbgeordneten Ebenen

Let (E, (ie63-01),) be a halfordered plane and call convex if M contains for any two points a,bM all pointsx between a and b. It is shown that segments [a,b] are convex if and only if (E, (ie63-02)) is the affine plane of order 3, (E, (ie63-03),) is an ordered plane or is near-trivial.

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Herrn Professor Johannes Böhm zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet