High-resolution spectrum of xenon ions at 13.4 nm

The spectrum of xenon excited in a low-inductance vacuum spark was photographed at high resolution in the region of 9.5-15.5 nm. The observed transitions were identified as belonging to ions from Xe8+ to Xe13+. In the region of importance for extreme-ultraviolet lithography around 13.4 nm, the strongest lines were identified as 4d8-4d7 5p transitions in Xe10+. The identifications were made by use of energy parameters extrapolated along the isoelectronic sequence.     

The initiation,evaluation and selection of operational research projects

This paper discusses the problems involved in conducting successful Operational Research within a large organisation and suggests ways of overcoming them. It describes ways in which Operational Research projects arise, methods of assessing their relative merits, and methods used by the authors to obtain a suitable portfolio of projects. It is argued that an Operational Research Group should apply to its own project planning the scientific approach that it advocates for others.     

Copper and iron interactions with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. A study by fast-atom bombardment tandem mass spectrometry

Fast atom bombardment, combined with high-energy collision-induced tandem mass spectrometry, has been used to investigate gas-phase metal-ion interactions with captopril, enalaprilat and lisinopril, all angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.Suggestions for the location of metal-binding sites are presented. For captopril, metal binding occurs most likely at both the sulphur and the nitrogen atom. For enalaprilat and lisinopril, binding preferably occurs at the amine nitrogen. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Regioselective synthesis of 4-(2-alkyl-5-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-piperidines

The regioselective, scaleable synthesis of three 4-(2-alkyl-5-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-piperidines is discussed.