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Sodium alginate (SA) was blended with varying amounts of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) viz., 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 wt % by using water as a solvent. The obtained SA/PEG blends have been characterized for thermal behavior by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and surface morphology by scanning electron microscopic (SEM) methods. DSC analysis indicates the increase in glass transition temperature (Tg) of the blends with an increase in PEG content in the blend, which is due to chain entanglement. TGA results reveal the enhancement of thermal stability of SA/PEG blends in terms of the onset of degradation and percentage of weight loss. SEM photomicrographs shows the two phase morphology. This result indicates the immiscible nature of the SA/PEG blends. 相似文献
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Herein, we report the fabrication of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) polymeric conjugates of shortened multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (sMWCNT). The synthesis method involves the attachment of initiator on the surface of nanotubes followed by surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI‐ATRP) of GMA from the initiator‐bound sMWCNT surface. This is achieved by the procedure consisting of three important steps: introduction of amino groups onto the sMWCNT and attachment of polymerization initiator, 2‐bromo‐2‐methylpropinonyl bromide, and polymerization of GMA. The structure and properties of the resultant polymeric conjugates were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and SEM. The FT‐IR analysis of polymeric conjugates shows infrared (IR) peaks characteristic of GMA. AFM, TEM and SEM images clearly show the formation of poly(glycidyl methacrylate)(PGMA) polymer on sMWCNT surface. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Hyo Jin Lee B. Ramaraj Soo Min Lee Kuk Ro Yoon 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2008,46(4):1178-1184
Biodegradable poly(p‐dioxanone) (PPDO) was formed on Wang resin surface by surface‐initiated ring‐opening polymerization (SI‐ROP). The SI‐ROP of p‐dioxanone (PDO) was achieved by heating a mixture of Tin(II) bis(2‐ethylhexanoate) [Sn(Oct)2], hydroxyl functionalized Wang resin, and PDO in anhydrous toluene at 80 °C. The resultant polymer‐grafted Wang resin (Wang‐g‐PPDO) was characterized by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), optical microscopy (OM), and field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM). The FTIR spectra of Wang‐g‐PPDO show peak characteristic of PPDO at 2943 cm?1 (? C? H stretch), at 1741 cm?1 (? C?O stretch), and 1136 cm?1 (C? O? C stretch) indicating the formation of ester linkage between PPDO and hydroxyl terminated Wang resin. The DSC thermogram show melting peak corresponding to PPDO polymer on Wang resin surface. Thermogravimetric investigation shows increase in PPDO content on the Wang resin surface in terms of percentage of weight loss with increase in reaction time. The OM and SEM photographs clearly show the formation of PPDO polymer on the Wang resin surface without altering the spherical nature of Wang resin bead. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 1178–1184, 2008 相似文献
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Natarajan Raman Ramaraj Jeyamurugan Mariyyappan Subbulakshmi Raja Boominathan Chithu Ramakrishnan Yuvarajan 《Chemical Papers》2010,64(3):318-328
A novel series of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and VO(IV) complexes has been synthesized from the Schiff base derived from
4-[(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)amino]-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one and 1,2-diaminobenzene. Structural features
were determined by analytical and spectral techniques. Binding of synthesized complexes with calf thymus DNA (CT DNA) was
studied by spectroscopic methods and viscosity measurements. Experimental results indicate that the complexes are able to
form adducts with DNA and to distort the double helix by changing the base stacking. Lower DNA affinity of the VO(IV) complex
is caused by the change of coordination geometry by the vanadyl ion resulting in a somewhat unfavorable configuration for
the DNA binding. Oxidative DNA cleavage activities of the complexes were studied with supercoiled (SC) pUC19 DNA using gel
electrophoresis; the mechanism studies revealed that the hydroxyl radical is likely to be the reactive species responsible
for the cleavage of pUC19 DNA by the synthesized complexes. The in vitro antimicrobial screening effects of the investigated
compounds were monitored by the disc diffusion method. The synthesized Schiff base complexes exhibit higher antimicrobial
activity than the respective free Schiff base. 相似文献
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K. Swarnalatha E. Rajkumar S. Rajagopal R. Ramaraj I. Sadhiya Banu P. Ramamurthy 《Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry》2011,24(1):14-21
The reaction of phenols with the excited state, *[Ru(bpy)3]2+ (E0 = 0.76 V) and *[Ru(H2dcbpy)3]2+, (dcbpy = 4,4′‐dicarboxy‐2,2′‐bipyridine) (E0 = 1.55 V vs. SCE) complexes in CH3CN has been studied by luminescence quenching technique and the quenching is dynamic. The formation of phenoxyl radical as a transient is confirmed by its characteristic absorption at 400 nm. The kq value is highly sensitive to the change of pH of the medium and ΔG0 of the reaction. Based on the treatment of kq data in terms of energetics of the reaction and pH of the medium, proton coupled electron transfer (PCET) mechanism has been proposed for the reaction. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Kamsali Murali Mohan Achari Chinnasamy Ramaraj Ramanathan 《Tetrahedron: Asymmetry》2017,28(6):830-836
A conformationally rigid chiral molecule LB-I with Lewis basic site has been designed and synthesized in racemic form from ferrocene via Lewis acid mediated diastereoselective cyclization of hydroxy lactam. Both isomers were successfully obtained in enantiomerically pure form through classical resolution using dibenzoyl-d-tartaric acid as the chiral resolving agent in acetone. The nature of the diastereomeric salt formed in the resolution process was investigated by single crystal X-ray crystallographic studies. The absolute configuration of (+)-LB-I was unambiguously assigned as (S,Rp) by single crystal analysis of the salt I obtained from precipitate fraction containing (+)-LB-I and dibenzoyl-d-tartaric acid. 相似文献
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Surface initiated‐atom transfer radical polymerization of a sugar methacrylate on gold nanoparticles
Kuk Ro Yoon Soo Min Lee B. Ramaraj Dong‐Pyo Kim 《Surface and interface analysis : SIA》2008,40(8):1139-1143
For development of surface‐functionalized gold nanoparticles (GNPs) as cellular probes, we report herein the synthesis of glycoconjugates of GNPs with cyclic sugar methacrylate, 2‐lactobionamidoethyl methacrylate (LAMA). The strategy involves the attachment of an initiator on the nanoparticle surface followed by surface initiated‐atom transfer radical polymerization (SI‐ATRP) of LAMA. SI‐ATRP of LAMA was achieved by reacting a mixture of copper (I) bromide (CuBr), 2,2′‐bipyridine (bpy) and initiator‐bound GNPs in methanol at 20 °C for 12 h. The resultant GNP glycoconjugates were characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The FT‐IR spectra of GNP glycoconjugates show IR peaks characteristic of LAMA demonstrating the formation of a LAMA layer on the GNPs' surface. The XPS spectrum of glycoconjugates shows signals due to the presence of carbon (C1s, 288 eV) and oxygen (O1s, 536 eV) along with gold (Au 4f, 100 eV; Au 4p, 743 eV). The increase in diameter of GNPs from 13 to 25 nm measured by SEM further confirms the presence of a LAMA layer on the surface of the GNPs. Considering the biological importance of glycoconjugates, such as cell recognition, cell adhesion and cell growth regulation, the method described herein would be beneficial in many areas such as pathogen detection and biosensors. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Ramasamy Ramaraj 《Journal of Chemical Sciences》2006,118(6):593-600
Nanotechnology has become one of the most exciting frontier fields in analytical chemistry. The huge interest in nanomaterials,
for example in chemical sensors and catalysis, is driven by their many desirable properties. Although metal is a poor catalyst
in bulk form, nanometre-sized particles can exhibit excellent catalytic activity due to their relative high surface area-to-volume
ratio and their interface-dominated properties, which significantly differ from those of the bulk material. The integration
of metal nanoparticles into thin film of permselective membrane is particularly important for various applications, for example
in biological sensing and in electrocatalysis. We have already established different techniques to design permselective membrane-coated
chemically modified electrodes with incorporated redox molecules for electrocatalytic, electrochromic and sensor applications.
Recently, we have prepared nanostructured platinum and copper (represented Mnano, M = Pt and Cu) modified GC/Nafion electrodes (GC/Nf/Mnano) and characterized by using AFM, XPS, XRD and electrochemical techniques. The nanostructured Mnano modified electrodes were utilized for efficient electrocatalytic selective oxidation of neurotransmitter molecules in the
presence of interfering species such as ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA). It has been also shown that the modified electrodes
could be used as sensors for the detection of submicromolar concentrations of biomolecules with practical applications to
real samples such as blood plasma and dopamine hydrochloride injection solution. The GC/Cunano electrode has been used for catalytic reduction of oxygen. 相似文献