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1.
2.
High temperature annealing effect on structural and magnetic properties of Ti/Ni multilayer (ML) up to 600 °C have been studied and reported in this paper. Ti/Ni multilayer samples having constant layer thicknesses of 50 Å each are deposited on float glass and Si(1 1 1) substrates using electron-beam evaporation technique under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions at room temperatures. The micro-structural parameters and their evolution with temperature for as-deposited as well as annealed multilayer samples up to 600 °C in a step of 100 °C for 1 h are determined by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and grazing incidence X-ray reflectivity techniques. The X-ray diffraction pattern recorded at 300 °C annealed multilayer sample shows interesting structural transformation (from crystalline to amorphous) because of the solid-state reaction (SSR) and subsequent re-crystallization at higher temperatures of annealing, particularly at ≥400 °C due to the formation of TiNi3 and Ti2Ni alloy phases. Sample quality and surface morphology are examined by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique for both as-deposited as well as annealed multilayer samples. In addition to this, a temperature dependent dc resistivity measurement is also used to study the structural transformation and subsequent alloy phase formation due to annealing treatment. The corresponding magnetization behavior of multilayer samples after each stage of annealing has been investigated by using Magneto-Optical Kerr Effect (MOKE) technique and results are interpreted in terms of observed micro-structural changes. 相似文献
3.
Time differential perturbed angular correlation measurements of the 133–482 keVγ-γ cascade of181Ta in Hf-doped YBa2Cu3O7−x
are presented. The181Hf precurser nuclei are incorporated into the sample by thermal neutron irradiation. Two quadrupole interaction frequencies
are observed in the as-irradiated sample:v
Q1=161±10 MHz with intensityf
1=75%, asymmetry parameterη
1=0.32 and damping parameter Λ1=0.42, andv
Q2=1108±40 MHz withf
2=25%,η
2=0.62, and Λ2=0.60. On annealing the sample in air at various temperaturesT
a and quenching to room temperature,f
1 remained nearly constant forT
a<600°C andv
Q1 for all annealing temperatures indicating that these are insensitive to oxygen stoichiometry. This frequency is interpreted
to be due to181Hf substitutingY sites. BeyondT
a=600°C,f
1 increased and reached a constant value of 90% forT
a=800°C. The value ofv
Q2 showed a slight variation between 1086 and 1160 MHz, whilef
2 remained nearly constant at 25% forT
a<600°C. This component is identified to be due to181Hf substituting Cu 1 sites in the Cu-O chains of YBCO. Above 600°Cv
Q2 decreased and reached a value of 808 MHz beyond 750°C. 相似文献
4.
Delayed feedbacks are quite common in many physical and biological systems and in particular many physiological systems. Delay
can cause a stable system to become unstable and vice versa. One of the well-studied non-biological chemical oscillators is
the Belousov-Zhabotinskii (BZ) reaction. This gives relaxation oscillations for a considerable period of time under batch
conditions. This paper deals with the effect of perturbing the limit cycle oscillation of BZ reaction by employing a delayed
electrical feedback to the system under batch conditions. The parameters chosen to study are external resistance and delay.
For various resistances and delays the system was electrically perturbed and found to exhibit various complex mixed mode oscillations.
The dynamic features are accounted for by the Oregonator model, with time delay incorporated in one of the variables.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
[reaction: see text] The TiCl4-mediated reaction of an ester with benzoyl chloride results in high yields of the alpha-benzoylated ester. Diazo transfer of the benzoylated ester utilizing p-acetoamidobenzenesulfonyl azide affords the alpha-diazo ester in good yield. Using this simplified procedure, it is easy to prepare gram quantities of alpha-diazo esters. 相似文献
6.
Kleitz F Solovyov LA Anilkumar GM Choi SH Ryoo R 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2004,(13):1536-1537
Exceptional control of the phase behavior of highly ordered large pore mesostructured silica (with the choice of Fm3m, Im3m or p6mm symmetry) is achieved using a triblock copolymer (EO(106)PO(70)EO(106)) and butanol at low acid concentrations. 相似文献
7.
Bile acid-based acyclic receptors bearing two imidazole and benzimidazole moieties have been synthesized. Anion binding studies using 1H NMR revealed that imidazolium receptor exhibits high selectivity for chloride ion while benzimidazolium receptor showed selectivity for Y-shaped acetate ion through hydrogen bond interactions involving imidazolium C-2 and acetyl methylene hydrogens. 相似文献
8.
Using the pulse radiolysis technique, the oxidation of the biological protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) by the species N
3
.
, CCl3O
2
.
, OH and Br
2
.–
has been studied in aqueous solution. The repair of the N
3
.
oxidation by ascorbic acid and the effect of denaturing the protein on this repair has also been studied. The oxidation of Br
2
.–
seems to follow a different course from that of the other oxidizing agents suggesting the possibility of positive hole mobility in this protein. The repair by ascorbic acid is found more effective in the case of denatured protein. The rate constants for the reaction of Br
2
–
and N
3
.
are lower, in general, in the case of the denatured protein as compared with the undenatured BSA both at pH 6.9 and pH 10.7, suggesting that the convoluted structure of the protein plays a part in the process. 相似文献
9.
Laura Marcu Javier A. Jo Pramod V. Butte William H. Yong Brian K. Pikul Keith L. Black Reid C. Thompson 《Photochemistry and photobiology》2004,80(1):98-103
Fluorescence spectroscopy of the endogenous emission of brain tumors has been researched as a potentially important method for the intraoperative localization of brain tumor margins. We investigated the use of time‐resolved, laser‐induced fluorescence spectroscopy for demarcation of primary brain tumors by studying the time‐resolved spectra of gliomas. The fluorescence of human brain samples (glioblastoma multiforme, cortex and white matter: six patients, 23 sites) was induced ex vivo with a pulsed nitrogen laser (337 nm, 3 ns). The time‐resolved spectra were detected in a 360–550 nm wavelength range using a fast digitizer and gated detection. Parameters derived from both the spectral‐ (intensities from narrow spectral bands) and the time domain (average lifetime) measured at 390 and 460 nm were used for tissue characterization. We determined that high‐grade gliomas are characterized by fluorescence lifetimes that varied with the emission wavelength (>3 ns at 390 nm, <1 ns at 460 nm) and their emission is overall longer than that of normal brain tissue. Our study demonstrates that the use of fluorescence lifetime not only improves the specificity of fluorescence measurements but also allows a more robust evaluation of data collected from brain tissue. Combined information from both the spectraland the time domain can enhance the ability of fluorescencebased techniques to diagnose and detect brain tumor margins intraoperatively. 相似文献
10.