Investigation of Excess Thermo-Acoustic Behavior of Binary Liquid Mixture with Various Temperatures Using Ultrasonic Technique

Ultrasonic methods have been very fruitful in studying the physical properties of binary liquid combinations. In this present study, the thermoacoustic behavior of benzyl propionate with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is observed using ultrasound, density, and viscosity at different temperatures between 308 and 328 K with a phase of 10 °C. Benzyl propionate is a sweet-smelling liquid that is used in the botanical and fruit fragrance industries, as well as in the flavoring of organic products. DMSO is a dipolar aprotic, naturally soluble compound used for slow drug synthesis, device synthesis, and drug delivery to the body. Estimated values such as adiabatic compressibility, intermolecular free length, internal pressure, and free volume are determined from arbitrary ultrasonic velocity, density, and viscosity data. The same excess parameters of adiabatic compressibility, intermolecular free length, internal pressure, and free volume support finding the nature of the reaction. The sort of interactions has been accounted for utilizing these qualities. In the present work, benzyl propionate with dimethyl sulfoxide has been characterized by using ultrasonic waves and since this wave is a well-known tool for NDT, so the mixture is properly characterized. These thermoacoustic parameters with different concentrations of DMSO at different temperatures have been used to study the complex formation and binding through intermolecular forces.     

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Using Carica papaya Leaf Extract

Environmental methodologies are gaining recognition in this modern world. Environmental nanotechnology plays a major role in improving modern fields of environmental engineering and science. Metal oxide nanoparticles have exceptional properties due to their small size, including quantum confinement, surface-to-volume ratio, plasmon excitation, high biocompatibility, and surface modifiability. The biosynthesis of nanoparticles using fungi, bacteria, and plants through various biotechnological techniques is currently a new paradigm for environmental protection. Synthesis of nanoparticles through plant extract is good because it eliminates the dangers of toxic chemicals, it is environmentally friendly, simpler, and safer as the reaction time is reduced and it can also be increased in size for higher operation. The present study is based on the development of zinc oxide nanoparticles from papaya leaf extract where zinc nitrate is used as a precursor. The biosynthesized nanoparticles are characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, UV-visible spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering analysis. The crystalline phase determination of the zinc oxide nanoparticles is analyzed by X-ray diffraction and the formation of polycrystalline zinc oxide nanoparticles is confirmed. FT-IR spectrum reveals the main functional groups and chemical information in zinc oxide nanostructures. Morphological analysis is performed using SEM at different magnification levels. EDAX analysis shows the purity of the composite samples. Optical characterization is performed using a UV–vis spectrophotometer. DLS analysis shows that the nanoparticles formed have a relatively well-defined dimension.     

Hydrogen transfer reaction of cyclohexanone with 2-propanol catalysed by CeO2-ZnO materials: Promoting effect of ceria

Ce-Zn-O mixed oxides were prepared by amorphous citrate process and decomposition of the corresponding acetate precursors. The resulting materials were characterised by TGA, XRD, UV-Vis-DRS, EPR, SEM and surface area measurements. XRD and DRS results indicated fine dispersion of the ceria component in the ZnO matrix. EPR results clearly indicate the presence of oxygen vacancy and defect centres in the composite oxide. Addition of CeO₂ to ZnO produced mixed oxides of high surface area compared to the pure ZnO. Hydrogen transfer reaction was carried out on these catalytic materials to investigate the effect of rare earth oxide on the activity of ZnO. Addition of ceria into zinc oxide was found to increase the catalytic activity for hydrogen transfer reaction. The catalytic activity also depended on the method of preparation. Citrate process results in uniformly dispersed mixed oxide with higher catalytic activity. Dedicated to Professor C N R Rao on his 70th birthday