Adsorption Modification of Dispersed Aluminum: Thermal Desorption Mass Spectrometry of the Modifying Layers

Thermal desorption and thermodestruction of modifiers (short- and long-chain aliphatic carboxylic acids, synthetic butadiene and nitrile rubbers with end carboxyl groups) were studied by thermal desorption mass spectrometry. The results obtained were compared with the thermal stability of individual modifiers. It was shown that the use of dispersed aluminum as a filler decreases the thermal stability of compositions based on butadiene and nitrile rubbers.     

Physicochemical Grounds for Application of Schungite for Neutralization of 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine in Wastewater

Chromatography–mass spectrometry and MALDI mass spectrometry have been used to study the interaction of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine and products of its oxidation with the surface of mineral schungite in aqueous solutions. A comparative analysis has been performed for organic compounds contained in initial and equilibrium 1,1-dimethylhydrazine solutions brought in contact with schungite, as well as compounds desorbed from the modified surfaces of the mineral and its inorganic components. The analysis has revealed the efficiency of schungite as a low-cost and environmentally friendly sorbent capable of catalyzing the profound oxidation of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine and products of its transformation to nontoxic low-molecularmass substances. Environmentally safe methods have been proposed for the regeneration of used schungite.     

Thermal resistance of composites based on nanodispersed aluminum

Thermolysis of low and high molecular aliphatic carboxylated compounds in composite systems based on nanosized aluminum were studied by the thermal desorption mass spectrometry. The conditions for maximal separation of the thermolysis products and their composition were determined. The kinetic parameters of thermal desorption and thermal degradation of the modifiers were calculated. Differences in the thermal stabilities of the polymer composites based on nanosized aluminum and different modifiers (carboxylated divinyl and divinyl nitrile oligomers) were presented.     

Adsorption Properties of Thiocontaining Schungite

Chromatography–mass spectrometry and thermodesorption mass spectrometry have been employed to study mineral schungite-III, in which various thiocompounds have been detected and identified. The influence of these compounds on the adsorption activity of schungite with respect to iodine has been investigated. It has been shown that sulfur present in schungite has no effect on the results of determining its adsorption activity and does not interact with iodine; however, it can interact with amino compounds to yield sulfides. Activation energies E_a have been experimentally determined for sulfur, iodine, and dimethyl disulfide desorption from the surfaces of schungite and a model sorbent, graphitized thermal carbon black. The E_a values of these compounds have appeared to be several times lower than the heats of their adsorption on carbon black calculated by the molecular-statistical method.     

Special Features of the Interaction between Asymmetric Dimethylhydrazine and Thiocontaining Schungite

The interaction between asymmetric dimethylhydrazine and thiocontaining mineral schungite-III has been studied. Chromatography–mass spectrometry has been used to identify alkyl polysulfides as the products of desorption of asymmetric dimethylhydrazine from schungite surface. The interaction of asymmetric dimethylhydrazine with crystalline sulfur has been investigated in a model system. Dimethyl polysulfides, CH₃S_nCH₃; (dimethylamino)methyl polysulfides, (CH₃)₂NS_nCH₃; and bis(dimethylamino) polysulfides, (CH₃)₂NS_nN(CH₃)₂, with 2 ≤ n ≤ 4 have been detected. Gas-chromatographic retention indices have been determined for the products of the interaction of asymmetric dimethylhydrazine with sulfur and the schungite material.     

Mechanical activation of aluminum: 2. Size,shape, and structure of particles

The structure of active Al/C composite prepared by the mechanochemical method from aluminum and graphite powders (10–30 wt % C) is studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopies, atomic force microscopy, local elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, as well as by adsorption and sedimentation measurements. It is established that the particles of chemically active Al/C composite represent porous plate-like aggregates with a mean size smaller than 2.5–5 m and composed of nanocrystalline aluminum blocks with a size of 15–60 nm distributed in a loose amorphous carbon. Single aluminum particles with a size of up to 10 nm are also observed; however, their weight fraction is small.Translated from Kolloidnyi Zhurnal, Vol. 66, No. 6, 2004, pp. 819–828.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Streletskii, Pivkina, Kolbanev, Borunova, Leipunskii, Pshechenkov, Lomaeva, Polunina, Frolov, Butyagin.     

A Splitting Method for a CABARET Scheme Approximating a Nonuniform Scalar Conservation Law

In this paper, a splitting method for a CABARET scheme approximating a nonuniform scalar conservation law with a convex and monotonically increasing flux function is proposed. It is shown that at the first step of this method, when a uniform conservation law is approximated, the CABARET scheme is monotone and its numerical solutions do not have nonphysical oscillations in shock wavefronts. Test computations illustrating these properties of the modified CABARET scheme are presented.