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1.
KL Britton HF Rogers Y Asano T Dairi Y Kato TJ Stillman DW Rice 《Acta crystallographica. Section D, Biological crystallography》1998,53(4):124-126
The novel NAD+-linked opine dehydrogenase from a soil isolate Arthrobacter sp. strain 1C belongs to an enzyme superfamily whose members exhibit quite diverse substrate specificites. Crystals of this opine dehydrogenase, obtained in the presence or absence of co-factor and substrates, have been shown to diffract to beyond 1.8 ? resolution. X-ray precession photographs have established that the crystals belong to space group P21212, with cell parameters a = 104.9, b = 80.0, c = 45.5 ? and a single subunit in the asymmetric unit. The elucidation of the three-dimensional structure of this enzyme will provide a structural framework for this novel class of dehydrogenases to enable a comparison to be made with other enzyme families and also as the basis for mutagenesis experiments directed towards the production of natural and synthetic opine-type compounds containing two chiral centres. 相似文献
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Roland Wilberger Holger Piotrowski Marcus Warchhold Ingo‐Peter Lorenz 《无机化学与普通化学杂志》2003,629(14):2485-2492
Novel Neutral and Cationic Mono‐Aziridine Complexes of the Type [CpMn(CO)2Az], [CpCr(NO)2Az]+, and [(Ph3P)(CO)4ReAz]+ via CO‐, Hydride‐, and Chloride‐Elimination Reactions The monoaziridine complexes 1 — 5 are obtained by three differently induced substitution reactions. The photolytically induced CO substitution reaction of [CpMn(CO)3] with 2, 2‐dimethylaziridine leads to the neutral N‐coordinate aziridine complex [Cp(CO)2Mn{$\overline{N(H)CMe2C}$ H2}] ( 1 ). The protonation of [(Ph3P)(CO)4ReH] with CF3SO3H and consecutive treatment with 2, 2‐dimethylaziridine or 2‐ethylaziridine gives the salt‐like aziridine complexes [(Ph3P)(CO)4Re{$\overline{N(H)CMe2C}$ H2}](CF3SO3) ( 2 ) or [(Ph3P)(CO)4Re{ H2}](CF3SO3) ( 3 ) by hydride elimination reactions. The like‐wise salt‐like complexes [Cp(NO)2Cr{$\overline{N(H)CMe2C}$ H2}](BF4) ( 4 ) and [Cp(NO)2Cr{ H2}](CF3SO3) ( 5 ) are synthesized from [CpCr(NO)2Cl] by chloride elimination with AgX (X = BF4, CF3SO3) in the presence of 2, 2‐dimethylaziridine or 2‐ethylaziridine, respectively. As a result of X‐ray structure analyses, the metal atoms are trigonal pyramidally ( 1, 4, 5 ) or octahedrally ( 2, 3 , cis‐position) configurated; the intact three‐membered rings coordinate through the distorted tetrahedrally configurated N atoms. All compounds 1‐5 are stable with respect to the directed thermal alkene elimination to give the corresponding nitrene complexes; the IR, 1H‐ and 13C{1H}‐NMR, and MS spectra are reported and discussed. 相似文献
5.
Matthias Westerhausen Mathias Krofta Stefan Schneiderbauer Holger Piotrowski 《无机化学与普通化学杂志》2005,631(8):1391-1396
Transmetallation of Tin(II) in [Sn(μ3‐PSitBu3)]4 by Barium – from Sn4P4 Heterocubane Structures to Heterobinuclear Cage Compounds with a Central BanSn4?nP4 Heterocubane Polyhedron (n = 1, 2 and 3) For the preparation of compounds of the type [BanSn4?n(PSitBu3)4] (n = 1 ( 2 ), 2 ( 3 ) and 3 ( 4 )) two synthetic routes are applicable: in the transmetallation reaction homometallic [Sn4(PSitBu3)4] ( 1 ) reacts with barium metal and in a deprotonation reaction (metallation) tri(tert‐butyl)silylphosphane reacts simultaneously with (thf)2Ba[N(SiMe3)2]2 and Sn[N(SiMe3)2]2. During the transmetallation reaction mixtures of the heterobimetallic cage compounds 2 to 4 are obtained, however, analytically pure compounds 2 and 3 are accessible by the metallation reaction. Compound 4 is formed as a minor product together with 3 . Due to the larger Ba‐P bond lengths compared to the Sn‐P values the substitution of tin by barium leads to strong distortions of the heterocubane moiety. With NMR‐spectroscopic experiments one could show that all the above mentioned compounds form BanSn4?nP4 heterocubane cage structures. 相似文献
6.
Intermolecular alkylation of the aziridinyl oxazole 20 using PhSO(2)CH(2)CH(2)OTf is possible despite the presence of potentially nucleophilic aziridine nitrogen. The resulting oxazolium salt 22 reacts with BnNMe(3)(+)CN(-) to produce the azomethine ylide 24b via electrocyclic ring opening of an oxazoline 23b. Internal cycloaddition affords 26 in 66% yield. After saponification and base-induced cleavage of the N-phenylsulfonylethyl group, conventional cyclization provides access to 33. Deprotection and DDQ oxidation completes the synthesis of the aziridinomitosene derivative 9b. The starting cis-disubstituted aziridine ester 16 can be prepared by the aza-Darzens reaction of 15 with tert-butyl chloroacetate. 相似文献
7.
Andrew J. Hoteling Michelle L. Piotrowski Kevin G. Owens 《Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM》2020,34(Z2)
Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is a soft ionization technique that when used to analyze synthetic polymer analytes often requires the addition of a metal cationization agent (herein termed the “salt”). The choice of both the matrix and the cationization agent needs to be taken into account when considering the polymer under study; different polymers have shown different affinities toward different cationization agents, and their selectivity can change as the matrix changes. Salt‐to‐analyte ratio (S/A) plots are used in this work to investigate the effect of the quantity of cationization agent employed in the analysis of a poly (methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) analyte with different MALDI matrices. The point at which analyte signal stops increasing with the added cationization agent is termed the “cation saturation point,” and it was found to occur around a S/A of 1. When the analyte signal after this point remains constant, it is termed an “ideal case.” The “non‐ideal case” occurs when the analyte signal decreases after the cation saturation point. The amount of matrix present (measured as the matrix‐to‐analyte molar ratio, M/A) and the use of different counterions for the salt are also found to affect the intensity of the analyte signal. In non‐ideal cases, changes in the counterion or an increase in the M/A are found to increase the analyte signal, often converting an initially observed non‐ideal case into an ideal case. Several experiments attempting to uncover the reason for observation of the non‐ideal S/A behavior are also described. 相似文献
8.
J.?Piotrowski J.?Pawluczyk A.?Piotrowski W.?Gawron M.?Romanis K.?K?os 《Opto-Electronics Review》2010,18(3):318-327
The history, status, and recent progress in the middle and long wavelength Hg1−xCdxTe infrared detectors operating at near room temperatures are reviewed. Thermal generation of charge carriers in narrow gap
semiconductor is a major limitation or sensitivity. Cooling is a straightforward way to suppress thermal generation of charge
carriers and reduce related noise. However, at the same time, cooling requirements make infrared systems bulky, heavy, and
inconvenient in use. A number of concepts to improve performance of photodetectors operating at near room temperatures have
been proposed and implemented. Recent considerations of the fundamental detector mechanisms suggest that near perfect detection
can be achieved without the need for cryogenic cooling. This paper, to a large degree, is based on the research, development,
and commercialization of uncooled HgCdTe detectors in Poland. The devices have been based on 3D-variable band gap and doping
level structures that integrate optical, detection and electric functions in a monolithic chip. The device architecture is
optimized for the best compromise between requirements of high quantum efficiency, efficient and fast collection of photogenerated
charge carriers, minimized thermal generation, reduced parasitic impedances, wide linear range, wide acceptance angles and
other device features. Recent refinements in the devices design and technology have lead to sensitivities close to the background
radiation noise limit, extension of useful spectral range to > 16 μm wavelength and picosecond range response times. The devices
have found numerous applications in various optoelectronic systems. Among them there are fast scan FTIR spectrometers developed
under MEMFIS project. 相似文献
9.
Precursor kinetics and its influence on MOCVD growth was investigated using an infrared absorption gas analyser. After several
refinements, the analyser was able to be used to measure time dependent concentrations of precursors in the growth zone. Changes
were induced by periodic switching of corresponding bubbler valves. It was proved that precursor transport could be accurately
described by the combined plug flow and perfectly mixed tank model. The studies of the precursor trans-port are strategically
important for the growth of multilayer structures, when growth time of particular layers becomes comparable to delays and
time constants. One example is quantum wells or interdiffused multilayer process (IMP) used in the growth of Hg1-xCdxTe heterostructures,
where knowledge of precursor transport characteristics is vital for understanding and properly designing that growth. The
model parameters, sc. the delays and time constants for DIPTe and DMCd, were evaluated for various growth conditions and then
successfully used to optimise the growth of complex Hg1−xCdxTe heterostructures. 相似文献
10.
J. Rutkowski P. Madejczyk A. Piotrowski W. Gawron K. Jóźwikowski A. Rogalski 《Opto-Electronics Review》2008,16(3):321-327
The performance of dual waveband HgCdTe photodiodes fabricated using metaloorganic chemical vapour deposition operated at
high temperatures is presented. The effect of additional separating layer on the quantum efficiency and cross-talk of the
photodiodes is analyzed. The photodiodes with cutoff wavelengths up to 6 μm, good R0A product, and high quantum efficiency at 200 K have been demonstrated. The temperature dependence of the differential resistance
is discussed. It is shown that the multilayer heterojunction P-n-N-n-P structure operating in a simultaneous mode has better
performance than a structure operating in a sequential mode. 相似文献