Phospholipid and fatty-acid compositions of higher fungi

The phospholipid and fatty-acid compositions of nine species of higher fungi have been investigated. In the various species studied the amount of total lipids ranged from 14 to 78 mg per gram dry weight. Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine were found as the main classes of phospholipids. In addition to these, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin and lyso derivatives of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine were also found. The main fatty acids were palmitic, oleic, and linoleic, their amount in some species reaching 90%; other acids were also found, but in small amounts.Institute of Ecology of the Volga Basin, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Tol'yatti. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 182–184, March–April, 1991.     

Interaction of Organic Surfactants with Heterogeneous Ion-Exchange Membranes

The effect of organic surfactants (1,4-butynediol, benzoic and disulfonaphthalene acids) on electrochemical properties of heterogeneous ion-exchange membranes MK-40 and MA-40 is studied. The surfactants effect the membrane properties both under equilibrium conditions and, especially, in the electric field, suggesting that they are involved in both the exchange sorption and the electrotransport. The mechanism of their effect on the anionite membrane is considered. It is shown that bipolar boundaries can arise in the membrane, promoting water dissociation and transport of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in the field direction.     

Influence of the Crystallization Temperature and Atmosphere on the Equilibrium Phase Assemblage of Plutonic Rocks of the Monzonite Family

The influence of external settings on the mineral assemblage of plutonic rocks is studied. The equilibrium compositions of phases formed during melting–crystallization of quartz monzodiorite are calculated by physicochemical modeling (PCM) methods. It is shown that, by changing the temperature and atmosphere of melt formation, one can change the mineral assemblage of the crystallizing solid phase that can be used in stone casting and in the production of mineral fibers.     

Lipids of marine macrophytic algae. II. Fatty-acid and phospholipid composition of the chlorophyceae

Institute of the Ecology of the Volga Basin, USSR Academy of Sciences, Tol'yatti. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 403–404, May–June, 1990.     

Transport properties of anion-exchange membranes: Effect of the formation of complexes

Electroconductivity and diffusion permeability of heterogeneous anion-exchange membranes MA-40 and MA-41 are studied in solutions containing copper, nickel, and zinc cations. The composition of species present in the contacting solution is calculated on the basis of conditions of equilibrium and material balance with allowance made for the tendency of these cations to form complexes. It is shown that the reason for the electroconductivity of MA-40 increasing in dilute solutions of transition metal chlorides is the complexing between these cations and functional groups and the resultant increase in the overall positive charge of the polymer matrix. The complexing with ions of copper and zinc in the electromembrane phase reduces the mobility of chloride ions, thus lowering the membranes’ electroconductivity with increasing concentration of equilibrium solutions. The membranes are characterized using a method of determination of the transport properties and structure of the membranes. The method is applied for the first time to the complexing co-ions, with allowance made for variations in their charge and composition.     

Possibility of analysis of interferograms of weakly perturbed turbulent fields by optical methods

Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 52, No. 3, 465–471, March, 1990.