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1.
Bi Dongxue Sverbil Pavel P. Voinov Yury P. Wu Mengyuan 《Journal of Russian Laser Research》2021,42(6):671-676
Journal of Russian Laser Research - We discuss the use of high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) diamonds for the determination of trace amounts of various Raman active substances. The amount of the... 相似文献
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C. Fallnich B. Ruffing Th. Herrmann A. Nebel R. Beigang R. Wallenstein 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》1995,60(5):427-436
We report on a cw mode-locked non-critically phase matched KTP optical parametric oscillator synchronously pumped by a picosecond Ti:Sapphire laser. High average signal output power of up to 950 mW over a large tuning range has been achieved. For this OPO the influence of resonator-length detuning on the output power, pulse duration and spectral bandwidth has been investigated. The measured data are in good agreement with the results of a numerical simulation using a split-step Fourier method which considers the group-velocity mismatch, the group-velocity dispersion and the self-phase modulation. The numerical simulation also describes the measured strong pump depletion and its influence on the OPO output and efficiency. 相似文献
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In complex biological systems, entities that are conceptually distinct but empirically related—such as sunlight and plant growth or antigene and immune response—are being explicitly linked through the identification of highly specific uninterrupted interaction sequences that take place between their macromolecular system components. These uninterrupted sequences of causation include common elements that are shared by the empirically related but conceptually distinct entities. Through the identification of specific shared elements, “conceptual continuity” is established between these entities. Examples are introduced to suggest that in sociopolitical systems, an analogous conceptual continuity can be established between distinct sociopolitical entities. The identification of specific shared elements, essential for the well being of each of the entities, can play a significant role in resolving conflicts between those separated by seemingly insurmountable obstacles such as race or religion or ideology. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 11:20–24, 2006 相似文献
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Dmitry S. Zimnitsky Tatiana L. Yurkshtovich Pavel M. Bychkovsky 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2004,42(19):4785-4791
Samples of oxidized cellulose (OC) with various carboxyl contents and degrees of crystallinity were obtained by the oxidation of native and mercerized cellulose with a solution of nitrogen(IV) oxide in CCl4. A detailed characterization of these OC samples was performed. The effect of oxidation conditions (concentration of N2O4 in the solution and oxidation time) and starting cellulose material on OC characteristics (carboxyl, carbonyl and nitrogen content, degree of crystallinity and polymerization, surface area and swelling, and acidic properties) was investigated. Reactivity in the oxidation process was higher in mercerized cellulose than in native cellulose. The action of dilute solutions (10–15%) of N2O4 did not affect the degree of crystallinity of cellulose samples. Under these conditions, the oxidation took place mainly in amorphous regions and on the surface of crystallites. Oxidation in a concentrated (40%) N2O4 solution led to the destruction of crystallites, which increased the surface area and swelling of cellulose in water. The surface area and the swelling of OC samples increased with a decrease in the index of crystallinity. The acidic properties of OC were shown to increase with an increase of swelling in water. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 4785–4791, 2004 相似文献
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Phenomena accompanying electrochemical doping of solid fullerene films with potassium were studied by sputter ion depth profiling
(XPS and SIMS). The potassium distribution was determined, and artifacts associated with possible damage of the layer composition
caused by ion impact were investigated and discussed. To compare the charge transfer while reductive doping is taking place
at fullerene/solution interface with doping from gas phase, model layers were prepared and doped by potassium under UHV conditions.
It was found that sputtering by Ar+ primary ions yields both accurate information on the alkaline metal distribution and on its concentration. Sputtering by
O+ ions led to an enrichment of potassium, apparently due to the reactivity of oxygen with the fullerene matrix. It is shown
that the reductive doping starts at the fullerene/solution interface. The concentration of potassium in the doped films was
found to be lower than expected from the charge transferred during the electrochemical reduction. Other phase transformations
such as hydrogenation are discussed.
Received March 4, 2002; accepted July 26, 2002 相似文献
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The classical Yang–Baxter equation(CYBE) is an algebraic equation central in the theory of integrable systems. Its nondegenerate
solutions were classified by Belavin and Drinfeld. Quantization of CYBE led to the theory of quantum groups. A geometric interpretation
of CYBE was given by Drinfeld and gave rise to the theory of Poisson–Lie groups.
The classical dynamical Yang–Baxter equation (CDYBE) is an important differential equation analogous to CYBE and introduced
by Felder as the consistency condition for the differential Knizhnik–Zamolodchikov–Bernard equations for correlation functions
in conformal field theory on tori. Quantization of CDYBE allowed Felder to introduce an interesting elliptic analog of quantum
groups. It becomes clear that numerous important notions and results connected with CYBE have dynamical analogs.
In this paper we classify solutions to CDYBE and give geometric interpretation to CDYBE. The classification and interpretation
are remarkably analogous to the Belavin–Drinfeld picture.
Received: 24 March 1997 / Accepted: 20 June 1997 相似文献