Guanidinium nitrate: a novel reagent for aryl nitrations

Nitration of various aromatic compounds utilising guanidinium nitrate in 85% sulfuric acid as a nitrating agent has been studied.     

Identification of metabolites in coriander seeds (Coriandrum Sativum L.) aided by ultrahigh resolution total correlation NMR spectroscopy

NMR is a fast method for obtaining a holistic snapshot of the metabolome and also offers quantitative information without separating the compounds present in a complex mixture. Identification of the metabolites present in a plant extract sample is a crucial step for all plant metabolomics studies. In the present work, we used various two dimensional (2D) NMR methods such as J-resolved NMR, total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY), and heteronuclear single quantum coherence sensitivity enhanced NMR spectroscopy for the identification of 36 common metabolites present in Coriandrum sativum L. seed extract. The identified metabolites belong to the following classes: organic acids, amino acids, and carbohydrates. ¹H NMR spectra of such complex mixtures in general display tremendous signal overlap due to the presence of a large number of metabolites with closely resonating multiplet signals. This signal overlapping leads to ambiguity in an assignment, and hence, identification of metabolites becomes tedious or impossible in many cases. Therefore, the utility of pure-shift proton spectrum along the indirect (F₁) dimension of the F₁-PSYCHE-TOCSY spectrum is demonstrated for overcoming ambiguity in assignment of metabolites in crowded spectral regions from Coriandrum sativum L. seed extract sample. Because pure-shift NMR methods yield ultrahigh resolution spectrum (i.e., a singlet peak per chemical site) along one or more dimensions, such spectra provide better identification of metabolites compared with regular 2D TOCSY where signal overlap and peak distortions lead to ambiguity in the assignment. Nine metabolites were unambiguously assigned by pure-shift F₁-PSYCHE-TOCSY spectrum, which was unresolved in regular TOCSY spectrum.     

Complexes of a new series of α-diimine macrocycles,I: Template synthesis of cadmium(II) complexes of tetraazamacrocycles derived from 2,3-butanedione or benzil

Summary Cadmium(II) complexes of the type [CdL] (NO₃)₂ (whereL = tetraazamacrocycle with a 12 to 32-membered ring) have been synthesized by the reactions of 2,3-butanedione or benzil with different aliphatic diamines viz. ethylenediamine, 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,4-diaminobutane, 1,6-diaminohexane, 1,8-diaminooctane and 1,12-diaminododecane in the presence of Cd(II) as template. These complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, conductivity measurements and IR and NMR spectral studies.

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Komplexe einer neuen Serie von -Diimin-Macrocyclen, 1. Mitt.: Synthese von Cadmium(II)-Komplexen von Tetraazamacrocyclen aus 2,3-Butandion oder Benzil

Zusammenfassung Es wurden Cadmium(II)-Komplexe des Typs [CdL] (NO₃)₂ (wobeiL einen 12-bis 32-gliedrigen Tetraazamacrocyclus darstellt) mittels der Reaktion von 2,3-Butandion oder Benzil mit verschiedenen aliphatischen Diaminen (Ethylendiamin, 1,3-Diaminopropan, 1,4-Diaminobutan, 1,6-Diaminohexan, 1,8-Diaminooctan und 1,12-Diaminododecan) hergestellt. Die Komplexe wurden mittels Elementaranalyse, Leitfähigkeitsmessungen und Infrarot- bzw. Kernresonanzspektroskopie charakterisiert.

     

Microestimation of explosives present in different compositions

Summary High explosives having the sameR _f values on a thin-layer chromatogram and difficult to separate are readily resolved as their coloured -complexes with aromatic amines. After liberation from their complexes on the plate, up to 1.5 g of the explosives can be conveniently estimated at their characteristic absorption maxima.

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Zusammenfassung Hochexplosive Substanzen mit gleichenR _f -Werten auf Dünnschichtchromatogrammen, die sich schlecht trennen lassen, werden als gefärbte -Komplexe mit aromatischen Aminen gut voneinander getrennt. Nach Freisetzung aus den Komplexen auf der Platte können bis zu 1,5 g der Explosivstoffe bei ihrem charakteristischen Absorptionsmaximum auf übliche Weise bestimmt werden.

     

A new and convenient synthesis of antazoline derivatives

Different N‐benzyl anilines were N‐alkylated with chloroacetonitrile to give the corresponding nitriles, which were subsequently condensed with ethylenediamine in the presence of thioacetamide to afford the corresponding title antazoline derivatives.     

A Study on Deletion in Polymer Region of Amelogenin (Amel Y) Gene: Significant Importance in Sex Determination and Identification of Sexual Assault Perpetrator

Accurate gender determination is crucial in many scientific disciplines, especially in prenatal diagnosis of X-linked diseases and forensic investigations. Today, molecular techniques, especially typing for a length variation in the X–Y homologous amelogenin gene (AMEL X and AMEL Y), are used for gender assignation. This amelogenin is an integral part of most PCR multiplex kits for gender determination marker, but in 1998 there was a report of two normal males being typed as female with this marker. Subsequently, a small number of males with amelogenin deleted genes have been reported in various populations but little data are available characterizing these deletions. This review aims to explore possible relationships among the AMEL Y deleted samples and Y-chromosome microsatellite haplotypes. Also, attempts are made to determine the frequency of males with AMEL Y deleted gene in various countries across the globe. Although some studies have shown that males with AMEL Y deleted gene are extremely rare in most populations, typing an additional gender-determining locus should be considered in forensic investigations where the reference sample is of unknown gender.     

Magnetogravitational Instability of Anisotropic Plasma with Finite Ion Larmor and Generalized Polytrope Law

The effect of finite ion Larmor radius corrections on the propagation of small perturbations through self gravitating, anisotropic system with generalized polytrope law is investigated. The polytrope laws are considered for the pressure components in parallel and perpendicular directions to the magnetic field. The polytrope model proposed by Abraham-Shranuer can be reduced to CGL equations with double adiabatic equations of state and MHD set of equations with isothermal equation of state. The effects of FLR and polytrope indices are discussed on the gravitational, firehose and mirror instability. The critical Jeans wave numbers are found to depend on polytropic indices and derived for CGL and MHD cases. The FLR corrections are found effective in shorter wave length region and produce stabilizing influence. The condition of mirror instability is uninfluenced by FLR but dependent on polytropic indices.