Ritter Reactions between Alcohols and Acetonitrile Mediated by the Conducting Polymer Poly-(3,4-ethylenedioxy Thiophene) (PEDOT)

Herein, we report new reactivity of the conducting polymer, poly-(3,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene) (PEDOT), where PEDOT mediates a Ritter reaction between alcohols and acetonitrile. The yields were variable and in most cases competitive with results obtained using sulfuric acid. Attempts at a stoichiometric reaction between benzonitrile and diphenylmethanol are also reported herein. Finally, described here are preliminary mechanistic studies that suggest PEDOT is behaving as an alcohol-selective or specific Lewis acid.

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Final state interactions in nuclear pion photoproduction over the (3, 3) resonance

An impulse approximation calculation is made on the reaction ⁵¹V(γ, π⁺)⁵¹Ti from the region just above photopion threshold to the tail of the (3, 3) resonance. Pion final state distortions are taken into account through realistic optical potentials. Results are compared to those for plane-wave and surface-produced pions and to recent experiment. Comparison is made between surface-produced pions and pions distorted by the s-wave component of the optical potential.     

Molar extinction coefficients of some carbohydrates in aqueous solutions

Molar extinction coefficients of some carbohydrates viz. l-arabinose (C₅H₁₀O₅), d-glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆), d-mannose (C₆H₁₂O₆), d-galactose (C₆H₁₂O₆), d(-) fructose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and maltose (C₁₂H₂₄O₁₂) in aqueous solutions have been determined at 81, 356, 511, 662, 1173 and 1332 keV by gamma ray transmission method in a narrow beam good geometry set-up. These coefficients have been found to depend upon the photon energy following a 4-parameter polynomial. These extinction coefficients for different sugars having the same molecular formula have same values varying within experimental uncertainty. Within concentration ranges studied, Beer-Lambert law is obeyed very well.     

Enhanced mass detection of oligonucleotides using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization ion-trap mass spectrometry

A new method providing enhanced sensitivity for the analysis of oligonucleotides using an on-line coupled system of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and electrospray ionization ion-trap mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) has been developed. The presented method allows the use of the standard gradient elution of 0.1 M triethylammonium acetate (TEAA) buffer (adjusted to pH 7.0 with acetic acid) and acetonitrile that is typically used for the separation of oligonucleotides in RP-HPLC. An added feature of this method is the ability to combine and mix additional 0.1 M imidazole in acetonitrile after the separation column for improved ESI-MS performance. This is similar to the post-column reaction method in liquid chromatography (LC) and the liquid sheath flow method in LC/ESI-MS, both of which offer the advantage of not compromising the chromatographic separation conditions. The application of this new method is demonstrated to afford improved sensitivity for the analysis of oligonucleotides (20-50 mer) via on-line coupled HPLC/ESI-MS analysis and purification systems.     

Homoconjugation in the adamantane cage: DFT/IGLO studies of the 1, 3-dehydro-5-adamantyl cation, its isoelectronic boron analogue 1, 3-dehydro-5-boraadamantane, and related systems(1)(,)

The structure of 1,3-dehydro-5-adamantyl cation and its isoelectronic boron analogue 1,3-dehydro-5-boraadamantane as well as some related adamantane systems, hitherto unknown as persistent long-lived species, were investigated by using the density functional theory (DFT) method. (13)C and (11)B NMR chemical shifts of the compounds were also calculated using the IGLO method. Stabilization of the systems due to homoconjugation is discussed.     

Theoretical study of relative width of photonic band gap for the 3-D dielectric structure

Calculations for the relative width (Δω/ω₀) as a function of refractive index and relative radius of the photonic band gap for the fcc closed packed 3-D dielectric microstructure are reported and comparison of experimental observations and theoretical predictions are given. This work is useful for the understanding of photonic crystals and occurrence of the photonic band gap.