Thermal and FTIR spectroscopic analysis of the interactions of aniline adsorbed on to MCM-41 mesoporous material

The adsorption of aniline on Na-AlMCM-41 synthesized by us has been characterized by infrared spectroscopy, temperature programmed desorption (TPD), and differential thermal analysis methods. Aniline would be mostly bound to the mesostructure through weak pi interactions. On the mesostructure containing adsorbed water, the co-adsorption of aniline could occur by weak hydrogen bonding through surface water molecules. For water, two possible modes of adsorption have been identified. Different associations between aniline and hydrated and nonhydrated mesostructures have been evaluated in order to favor the posterior in situ polymerization of adsorbed aniline.     

Spectrophotometric methods for the determination of osmium-III Reaction of osmium tetroxide with 1:5-diphenylcarbo- hydrazide in aqueous solutions followed by extraction of the complex

-A spectrophotometric method has been developed which is applicable to the determination of extremely small quantities of osmium. Osmium is oxidised to the octovalent state, then added to an acidic aqueous solution containing 1:5-diphenylcarbohydrazide (DPC). After heating the aqueous solution to 65°, the osmium-DPC complex is extracted with chloroform. A molar absorbancy index of about 150,000 is obtained. From 7 to 25 μg of osmium can be determined with a coefficient of variation of 6%. It was established that Fe^III, Cu^II, Ru^III and Au^III seriously interfere in the determination of osmium by this method, while Cr^VI, Ni^II, Mo^VI, Ir^III and chloride interfere only when present in relatively high concentrations.     

Impact of the Cooking Process on Metabolite Profiling of Acanthocereus tetragonus,a Plant Traditionally Consumed in Mexico

Acanthocereus tetragonus (L.) Hummelinck is used as an alternative food source in some Mexican communities. It has been shown that the young stems of A. tetragonus provide crude protein, fiber, and essential minerals for humans. In this work, we analyzed the phytochemical profile, the total phenolic content (TPC), and the antioxidant activity of cooked and crude samples of A. tetragonus to assess its functional metabolite contribution to humans. The phytochemical profile was analyzed using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-PDA-HESI-Orbitrap-MS/MS). Under the proposed conditions, 35 metabolites were separated and tentatively identified. Of the separated metabolites, 16 occurred exclusively in cooked samples, 6 in crude samples, and 9 in both crude and cooked samples. Among the detected compounds, carboxylic acids, such as threonic, citric, and malic acids, phenolic acids, and glycosylated flavonoids (luteolin-O-rutinoside) were detected. The TPC and antioxidant activity were analyzed using the Folin–Ciocalteu method and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical inhibition method, respectively. The TPC and antioxidant activity were significantly reduced in the cooked samples. We found that some metabolites remained intact after the cooking process, suggesting that A. tetragonus represents a source of functional metabolites for people who consume this plant species.     

Coffee Chlorogenic Acids Incorporation for Bioactivity Enhancement of Foods: A Review

The demand of foods with high antioxidant capacity have increased and research on these foods continues to grow. This review is focused on chlorogenic acids (CGAs) from green coffee, which is the most abundant source. The main CGA in coffee is 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA). Coffee extracts are currently the most widely used source to enhance the antioxidant activity of foods. Due to the solubility of CGAs, their extraction is mainly performed with organic solvents. CGAs have been associated with health benefits, such as antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activity, and others that reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and Alzheimer’s disease. However, the biological activities depend on the stability of CGAs, which are sensitive to pH, temperature, and light. The anti-inflammatory activity of 5-CQA is attributed to reducing the proinflammatory activity of cytokines. 5-CQA can negatively affect colon microbiota. An increase in anthocyanins and antioxidant activity was observed when CGAs extracts were added to different food matrices such as dairy products, coffee drinks, chocolate, and bakery products. The fortification of foods with coffee CGAs has the potential to improve the functionality of foods.     

Studies on the Regioselectivity of Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons (Hwe) Reactions on 3,4-Enuloses. Further Evidence of Phosphonate-Phosphate Rearrangements Through Five Membered Cyclic Intermediates.

ABSTRACT

The Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons (HWE) reaction was performed on methyl 3,6-di-O-benzoyl-2-deoxy-α-D-glycero-hex-2-enopyranosid-4-ulose (1) with the potassium enolates of dimethyl [(methoxycarbonyl)methyl]phosphonate (2) or diethyl [(ethoxycarbonyl) methyl]phosphonate (3) under different conditions (metallic cation and solvent) in order to study regio- and stereochemical aspects of the reaction. In the presence of lithium ions, no reaction took place. When sodium enolates were employed, 1,2-addition was the main reaction in chelating solvents, whereas the 1,4-adduct is favoured in the less polar, non chelating toluene. Only 1,2-addition was observed with potassium enolates. Evidence of phosphonate-phosphate rearrangements through five membered cyclic intermediates is described.     

Accurate, high-order representation of complex three-dimensional surfaces via Fourier continuation analysis

We present a new method for construction of high-order parametrizations of surfaces: starting from point clouds, the method we propose can be used to produce full surface parametrizations (by sets of local charts, each one representing a large surface patch – which, typically, contains thousands of the points in the original point-cloud) for complex surfaces of scientific and engineering relevance. The proposed approach accurately renders both smooth and non-smooth portions of a surface: it yields super-algebraically convergent Fourier series approximations to a given surface up to and including all points of geometric singularity, such as corners, edges, conical points, etc. In view of their C^∞ smoothness (except at true geometric singularities) and their properties of high-order approximation, the surfaces produced by this method are suitable for use in conjunction with high-order numerical methods for boundary value problems in domains with complex boundaries, including PDE solvers, integral equation solvers, etc. Our approach is based on a very simple concept: use of Fourier analysis to continue smooth portions of a piecewise smooth function into new functions which, defined on larger domains, are both smooth and periodic. The “continuation functions” arising from a function f converge super-algebraically to f in its domain of definition as discretizations are refined. We demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed approach for a number of surfaces of engineering relevance.     

Electronic structure and electron dynamics at the GaSb(0 0 1) surface studied by femtosecond pump-and-probe pulsed laser photoemission spectroscopy

Transiently excited electron states at the GaSb(0 0 1) surface have been studied by means of time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy based on a femtosecond laser system. A normally unpopulated surface electron state has been found at ∼250 meV above the valence band maximum with a strong confinement at the center of the surface Brillouin zone. The lifetime of transiently excited carriers at the intergap surface states has been found to be ∼11 ps, associated with rapid carrier diffusion.     

Evolution of the correlation between orthogonal polarization patterns in broad-area lasers

We measure polarization-resolved instantaneous patterns in a large-aspect ratio quasi-isotropic Nd:YAG laser. High correlation between the instantaneous orthogonal polarization patterns recorded at the earlier stages of the laser pulse has been found due to the strong cross saturation between both polarization modes.