EPR Studies of Tl0.5Pb0.5Sr1.6Ba0.4CaCu2?xRuxO7?δ Superconductor

Bulk superconducting samples of type Tl_0.5Pb_0.5Sr_1.6Ba_0.4CaCu_2−x Ru _x O_7−δ, (Tl, Pb)/Sr-1212, with 0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.525 were prepared by the conventional one-step solid-state reaction technique. The prepared samples were investigated using X-ray powder diffraction, electrical resistivity and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements. Enhancement of the phase formation, superconducting transition temperature T _c and hole carriers concentration P was observed up to x = 0.075. For x > 0.075, a reverse trend was observed. EPR spectra were measured at different temperatures (120–290 K) for all prepared samples. The number of spins N participating in the resonance and the paramagnetic susceptibility χ were calculated as a function of both Ru-content and temperature. N and χ increased as the Ru-content increased. A linear relationship between logN and 1/T was established, from which the activation energy E _a was calculated as a function of the Ru-content. The temperature dependence of χ was fitted according to Curie–Weiss type of magnetic behavior. Curie constant C, Curie temperature θ, the effective magnetic moment μ and the electronic specific heat γ were estimated as a function of the Ru-content.     

The decomposition kinetics of disilane and the heat of formation of silylene

The static system decomposition kinetics of disilane (\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}${\rm Si}_{\rm 2} {\rm H}_{\rm 6} \mathop {\longrightarrow}\limits^1 {\rm SiH}_{\rm 2} + {\rm SiH}_{\rm 4}$\end{document}, 538–587 K and 10–500 Torr), are reported. Reaction rate constants are weakly pressure dependent, and best fits of the data are realized with RRKM fall-off calculations using logA_1,∞ = 15.75 and E_1,∞ = 52,200 cal. These parameters yield AH_f⁰(SiH₂)₂₉₈ = (63.5 ? E_{b, c}) kcal mol,^?1 where E_{b, c} is the activation energy for the back reaction at 550 K, M = 1 std state. Five other silylene heat-of-formation values (ranging from 63.9 – E_{b, c} to 66.0 - E_{b, c} kcal mol^?1) are deduced from the reported decomposition kinetics of trisilane and methyldisilane, and from the reported absolute and relative rate constants for silylene insertions into H₂ and SiH₄. Assuming E_{b, c} = 0, an average value of ΔH_f⁰(SiH₂) = 64.3 ± 0.3 kcal mol^?1 is obtained. Also, a recalculation of the activation energy for silylene insertion into H₂, based in part on the new disilane decomposition Arrhenius parameters, gives (0.6 + E_{b, c}) kcal mol^?1, in good agreement with theoretical calculations.     

The gas-phase decomposition of methylsilane. Part III. Kinetics

The homogeneous gas-phase decomposition kinetics of methylsilane and methylsilane-d₃ have been investigated by the comparative-rate-single-pulse shock-tube technique at total pressures of 4700 torr in the 1125–1250 K temperature range. Three primary processes occur: CH₃SiH₃ → CH₃SiH + H₂ (1), CH₃SiH₃ → CH₄ + SiH₂ (2), and CH₃SiH₃ → CH₂ = SiH₂ + H₂ (3). The high-pressure rate constants for the primary processes in CH₃SiH₃ obtained by RRKM calculations are log (k₁ + k₃) (s^?1) = 15.2 - 64,780 Cal/θ and log k₂ (s^?) = 14.50 - 67,600 → 2800 Cal/θ. For CH₃SiD₃ these same rate constants are log k₁ (s^?) = 14.99 - 64,700 cal/θ log k₂ (s^?) = 14.68 – 66,700 → 2000 cal/θ, and log k₃ (s^?) = 14.3 ? 64,700 cal/θ.     

Kinetics and mechanism of the shock induced thermal decomposition of n-propylsilane

The kinetics and mechanism of the thermal decomposition of n-propylsilane have been studied by the single pulse shock tube-comparative rate technique at pressures around 4700 torr between 1095–1240 K. The primary dissociation processes are 1,1 and 1,2 H₂ elimination with ø_1,1 ? 0.75 and ø_1,2 ? 0.25, respectively. Subsequent decompositions of the primary process product, n-propylsilylene, to propylene and ethylene is complete even in the presence of excess butadiene. Possible mechanistic paths for these decompositions are discussed and an activation energy range of 30 ± 4 kcal is established for both processes. Induced decomposition via silylene chains accounts for 36–46% of the overall reaction in the uninhibited decomposition of n-propylsilane. The silylene chains are quenched in excess butadiene, and studies under maximum inhibition give overall decomposition kinetics of, log k(nPrSiD₃, s^?1) = 15.26–65,300 ± 1950 cal/2.303. Computer modeling results of the overall reaction both in the absence and presence of butadiene are also presented and shown to be in acceptable agreement with the experimental observations.     

Mechanism and kinetics of the shock-tube decomposition of vinylsilane

The shock-induced thermal decompositions of vinylsilane and vinylsilane-d₃ (0.2% on argon) have been studied in the temperature range of 1085–1275 K, and at total pressures of about 3100 torr. In systems without silylene traps, some induced decomposition occurs which is attributed to the silylene chain sequence VSiH → C₂H₂ + SiH₂, S?iH₂ + VSiH₃ ? VSiH₂SiH₃ → VSiH₂S?iH + H₂, VSiH₂S?iH → VSiH + S?iH₂. In the presence of silylene traps (butadiene and acetylene), the overall decomposition kinetics are log k(VSiH₃, s^?1) = 14.95 ? 63,268 cal/2.303RT and log k(VSiD₃, s^?1) = 15.14 ? 64,815 cal/2.303RT. Three primary processes contribute to the decomposition: 1,1-H₂ elimination, 1,2-H₂ elimination, and ethylene elimination. Two mechanisms are proposed, one for exclusive primary process formation of C₂H₄, and the other for both primary and secondary formation routes. Modeling studies are reported which show that both mechanisms can be made compatible with the rate and product yield data within experimental errors.     

Effect of IR laser radiation on the structure and optical properties of PC-PBT/Pd polymer nanocomposite films

ABSTRACT

Bayfol (PC-PBT blend ?lm) is a class of polymeric solid-state nuclear track detector which has a lot of applications in several radiation detection ?elds. It is a bisphenol-A polycarbonate PC blended with polybutylene terephthalate PBT. Bayfol/Palladium (PC-PBT/Pd) nanocomposite films have been deposited using the molding technique. It is worth mentioning that this report is almost the first one dealing with the topic of the changes of physical properties of Bayfol/Pd nanocomposite due to laser exposure. Samples from PC-PBT/Pd (5?wt%) nanocomposite were exposed to IR-pulsed laser of 5-W power, capable of producing 2000 pulses per second with pulse duration of 200?ns at 904?nm. The laser fluences were in the range 2–25?J/cm². The resultant modi?cations in the exposed nanocomposite samples have been studied as a function of fluence using different characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV spectroscopy and color difference studies. The results indicate the proper dispersion of Pd nanoparticles in the PC-PBT matrix that causes a strong intermolecular interaction between Pd and PC-PBT, resulted in an increase in refractive index and the amorphous phase. Also, it is found that the laser exposure reduces the optical energy gap that could be attributed to the increase in structural disorder of the exposed PC-PBT/Pd nanocomposites due to crosslinking. Further, the color intensity ΔE, which is the color difference between the exposed samples and the non-exposed one, was increased with increasing the laser fluence, convoyed by a significant increase in the green and yellow color components.     

昆虫信息素研究III: 拟蚜虫警戒素的研究

合成了一系列碳数为十五和十四的倍半萜类蚜虫警戒素,并进行了生物活性测定,从中筛选有效化合物.