Bundles, Handcuffs, and Local Freedom

We answer a question of J. Anderson's by producing infinitely many commensurability classes of fibered hyperbolic 3-manifolds whose fundamental groups contain subgroups that are locally free and not free. These manifolds are obtained by performing 0–surgery on a collection of knots with the same properties.     

Photo- and thermochromic mannich bases. 1. Mannich bases from 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 2-naphthols

Mannich bases exhibiting photo- and thermochromic properties in solutions were synthesized from 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 2-naphthols. An investigation of an acetyl derivative of methylenequinone, modeling a product of photo- and thermochromic transformations, proved that the color change of solutions of the Mannich bases is due to reversible dissociation into colored methylenequinones and morpholine. On the basis of data of x-ray diffraction analysis of one of the Mannich bases, characteristics of their molecular structure were determined, and reasons were stated for their effect on the dissociation mechanism.     

三氟化硼引发四氢呋喃聚合的研究——Ⅳ.1,4-丁二醇的影响

前报中已证明用三氟化硼-环氧氯丙烷(ECH)引发四氢呋喃(THF)聚合具有较高的引发效率,并对在Ac_2O、水和无水存在下的聚合反应进行了研究。本文报道1,4-丁二醇(BG)对BF_3引发THF聚合反应的影响。通常认为在BG存在下,BF_3是不能引发THF聚合的,但本工作证明BG是有效的分子量调节剂,制备分子量在     

以硫醚为主链的螯合树脂研究Ⅳ．含硫代硫酸根、叠氮基树脂的合成及吸附性能

聚环硫氯丙烷或环硫氯丙烷与环氧氯丙烷共聚物，在少量二乙烯三胺存在下制得交联预聚物，将交联预聚物分别与硫代硫酸钠，叠氮化钠反应，制得四种侧链带有硫代硫酸根或叠氮基的新型螯合树脂。它们对贵金属离子具有较高的吸附容量和较好的吸附选择性。     

Unusual synthesis,structure, and thermochromic properties of novel sterically hindered cyclohexadienes

Oxidation of 4-[-morpholino--(2-hydroxyphenyl)]methyl-2,6-di-(tert-butyl)-phenol (I) follows an unusual course, with formal loss of the benzyl carbon atom, to give 2,6-di(tert-butyl)-4-morpholino-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexa-2,5-dienone (II), which is thermochromic in solution. This property is due to the dissociation of (II) into morpholine and 3,5-di(tert-butyl)-2,4-diphenoxyquinone. The structure of (II) was established directly by x-ray diffraction, which enabled its conformational features to be related to its thermochromic properties. An x-ray examination of 3,3,5,5-tetra(tertbutyl)-2,4-diphenoquinone (X), together with the direct synthesis of the thermochromic analog of (II) (2,6-di(tert-butyl)-4-morpholino-4-[2-hydroxy-3,5-di(tert-butyl)phenyl]cyclohexa-2,5-dienone) (XI) from (X) and morpholine, confirmed the proposed mechanism of thermochromic dissociation.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, pp. 1121–1129, May, 1991.The authors thank V. I. Minkin and A. S. Morkovnik for participating in discussions of this work.     

Geometry changes of a Cu(I) phenanthroline complex on photoexcitation in a confining medium by time-resolved X-ray diffraction

Using a stroboscopic technique, in which the molecule is repeatedly excited and the structural change is probed more than 5000 times per second immediately after excitation, we performed a 16 K time-resolved single-crystal study of the microsecond lifetime triplet state of the Cu(I)phenanthroline derivative[Cu(I)(dmp)(dppe)][PF6] (dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane). The geometry changes on excitation differ for the two symmetry-independent molecules, but are in the same direction as calculated for an isolated reference molecule, although the flattening distortion in the crystal is significantly smaller, implying that the reorganization energy is greatly affected by the confining medium.     

Electret Materials Based on Fluoropolymers Modified with Vanadium- and Phosphorus-Containing Structures

Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry - Organo-inorganic composite materials based on films of polytetrafluoroethylene and tetrafluoroethylene–hexafluoropropylene copolymer, modified with...     

Automatic generation of linear programming problems for computer aided instruction

The paper presents a method for generating random linear programming problems with a previously selected type of solution. The user can choose a problem whose solution is unbounded, bounded for minima, maxima or both, unique or multiple, with given structure, at wish. Initially, the feasible solution of the LPP is generated as the sum of a linear space, a cone, and a polytope, depending on the desired properties of the solution. With the aim of obtaining a simple set of constraints, the generators of these three structures are selected as random vectors with integer simple components, the range of which can be given. Next, an objective function that satisfies the required conditions, i.e. leads to a solution of the desired type, is obtained. The generating algorithms have been implemented in Mathematica and some illustrative examples are given to clarify the generation process. With this tool, a LPP can be generated, according to the instructor requirements, where this is a human or an expert system. They can control student progress and generate a sequence of problems covering all possible cases, in steps of increasing difficulty. Combining this tool with another (also produced by the same authors) that solves the problems and explains the whole process, step by step, a computer aided module for learning LPP, which is completely autonomous, can be easily obtained.     

IN AQUA SYNTHESIS OF A HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT ARYLETHYNYLENE POLYMER EXHIBITING REVERSIBLE HYDROGEL PROPERTIES

ABSTRACT

A high molecular weight poly(aryleneethynylene) (M_w ～ 60,000) is prepared by the palladium catalyzed copolymerization of 3,5-diiodobenzoic acid and acetylene gas in a basic aqueous medium. The polymer has a “zig-zag”, fully conjugated backbone. The polymer has been characterized by a variety of methods and exhibits high thermal stability. Furthermore, the polymer is readily soluble in aqueous base and is reversibly switchable from the solution state to a hydrogel state, in water, by changing the pH of the solvent.     

Development of a general approach to the synthesis of a library of isoflavonoid derivatives

Isoflavonoids are a class of organic compounds that act primarily as antioxidants. They are produced almost exclusively by various members of the bean family including soybeans, tofu, peanuts, chick peas, and alfalfa. The antioxidant characteristics that isoflavonoids exhibit help hinder the progression of certain cancers, primarily breast, prostate, and colon cancer. We have developed a three-five step synthesis for obtaining a suite of isoflavonoid derivatives. The synthesis involves an enamine formation, a ring closure and halogenation, a Suzuki coupling, and finally a global deprotection to obtain the respective isoflavonoid derivatives.