Water wave radiation by a sphere submerged in water with an ice-cover

Using the multipoles method, we formulate the problems of radiation (both heave and sway) of water waves by a submerged sphere in deep as well as in uniform finite depth water with an ice-cover, with the ice-cover being modelled as an elastic plate of very small thickness. In each case this leads to an infinite system of linear equations which are solved numerically by standard techniques. The added-mass and damping coefficients for a heaving and swaying sphere are obtained and depicted graphically against the wave number for various values of the radius of the submerged sphere and flexural rigidity of the ice-cover to show the effect of the presence of ice-cover on these quantities. When the flexural rigidity is taken to be zero, the numerical results for the added-mass and damping coefficient for water with a free surface are recovered.     

Phase diagram of Na2S2O3 + ethanol + water at ambient pressure and temperature

In the present communication, we report the studies concerning liquid–liquid–solid equilibria for the ternary system sodium thiosulphate (Na₂S₂O₃) + ethanol + water at ambient pressure and at room temperature (303 ± 2 K). The solubility data of Na₂S₂O₃ are reported for solutions in water, ethanol and solutions of varying concentrations of ethanol in water. The phase diagram for the said system is developed, described and compared with similar system K₂CO₃ + methanol + water. These results have been explained in terms of structural properties of aqueous ethanol solutions and further discussed in terms of the effect of ions to cause phase separation.     

Crystal and molecular structure of crenatine carbonate

The crystal and molecular structure of 1-ethyl-4-methoxy-9H-pyrido[3,4b]indole (crenatine) carbonate C₁₄H₁₄N₂O·H₂CO₃, (MS, m/z 226)M _R 288.3, a-carboline alkaloid, has been determined from X-ray diffraction data. The compound crystallizes in the space group Pbca with cell parameters:a=11.616(4),b=18.450(8),c=12.992(5)Å,V=2784(2)ų,Z=8,D _calc=1.375 g cm^–3, (MoK)=0.71069Å,(Mo K)=0.94 cm^–1,F(000)=1216,R/R _w =8.2/10.3% for 1099 reflections. The ring system of the-carboline nucleus is planar. The title compound shows a two center hydrogen bond between the indole N-H group and the oxygen atom of a carbonate group. The structure does not display hydrogen bonding between-carboline groups but rather a bonding network involving the carbonate group.     

Multielemental characterisation of cobalt by glow discharge quadrupole mass spectrometry

Multielemental determination and the assessment of purity of cobalt metal used in the preparation of Ni-based super-alloys have been carried out by glow discharge quadrupole mass spectrometry (GD-QMS). Relative sensitivity factors (RSF) generated from certified iron matrix reference samples (NIST 663 and 664 low alloy steel pin standards) could be used for the determination of different trace element constituents of the sample. Different wet chemical procedures were also carried out for the determination of the trace constituents in the sample. The GD-QMS results are in reasonably good agreement with those obtained from wet chemical procedures, validating the use of the RSF values generated on low alloy steel standards for the computation of trace element concentrations in cobalt metal. A variety of molecular ions formed through the reaction of cobalt (matrix) with the discharge gas (argon) were also detected.     

Conversion of ammonia to dinitrogen in wastewater by Nitrosomonas europaea

Because Nitrosomonas europaea contains ammonia-oxidizing enzyme, nitrite reductase, and nitrous oxide reductase, the conversion of ammonia to dinitrogen was tried with different reaction conditions. In aerobic reaction conditions, ammonium was converted to nitrite (NO ₂ ⁻ ), while under oxygen-limiting or oxygen-free conditions, NO ₂ ⁻ -N formed from ammonia oxidation by N. europaea was reduced to N₂O and dinitrogen with 22% conversion. During denitrification, optimal pH for the production of N₂O and dinitrogen was found to be 7.0–8.0. Dinitrogen was not produced in acidic pH<7.0. A low partial oxygen pressure as well as oxygen-free conditions are favorable for high production of dinitrogen.     

Modeling the dynamics of DNA electrophoresis on a flat surface

We use molecular dynamics simulations to study the mechanism by which a flat, homogeneous surface can serve as an electrophoretic separation medium for DNA. We find that the mobility of DNA on the surface is a function of the conformation of the adsorbed DNA molecule, and that this mobility is controlled by the attraction between the DNA and the surface. Our results will provide guidelines for the fabrication of surfaces that can be used to separate DNA in a wide size range.     

DMSO/N2H4.H2O/I2/H2O/CH3CN: a new system for selective oxidation of alcohols in hydrated media

A new alternative system for the oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones with DMSO/N2H4.H2O/I2/H2O/CH3CN in hydrated media has been developed. The system also selectively oxidizes the secondary alcoholic groups to the corresponding ketones in the presence of primary alcoholic groups present within the same molecule in moderate to very good yields at reflux temperature.     

Piperaceae alkaloids: Part IV. Structure and Synthesis of Cyclostachine A,Cyclostachine B and Cyclopiperstachine

Three new alkaloids designated as cyclostachine A (2), cyclostachine B (7) and cyclopiperstachine (10) have been isolated from Piper trichostachyon C. DC. Their structures have been derived on the basis of spectral and degradative studies and confirmed by synthesis. The ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR. spectra of these compounds are discussed.     

Simplified synthesis, H, C, N, Sn NMR spectra and X-ray structures of diorganotin(IV) complexes containing the 4-phenyl-2,4-butanedionebenzoylhydrazone(2−) ligand

Two diorganotin(IV) complexes of the general formula R₂Sn[Ph(O)CCH-C(Me)N-NC(O)Ph] (R=Ph, 1; R=Me, 2) have been synthesised from the corresponding diorganotin(IV) dichloride and the ligand 4-phenyl-2,4-butanedionebenzoylhydrazone(2−) (H₂L), derived from benzoyl acetone and benzoyl hydrazide in methanol at room temperature in presence of triethylamine. The syntheses were performed under very mild conditions, at room temperature and without exclusion of air or moisture from the reaction vessel. Previously, rigorous conditions have been considered necessary for these species. The two compounds have been characterised by elemental analysis, IR and ¹H, ¹³C, ¹⁵N, ¹¹⁹Sn NMR spectra, and their structures have been confirmed single crystal X-ray structure analysis. The central tin atom of both complexes adopts a distorted trigonal bipyramidal coordination with two ligand oxygen atoms in axial positions, the nitrogen atom of the ligand and two organic groups on tin occupying equatorial sites. 2 has crystallised with two crystallographically independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. The δ(¹¹⁹Sn) values for the complexes 1 and 2 are −151.5 and −146.8 ppm, respectively, thus indicating penta-coordinated tin centres.