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1.
Nonlinear Dynamics - In this article, the authors simulate and study dark and bright soliton solutions of 1D and 2D regularized long wave (RLW) models. The RLW model occurred in various fields such... 相似文献
2.
Anuj Mittal Swaminathan Sivaram 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2005,43(21):4996-5008
A tridentate ligand, BPIEP: 2,6‐bis[1‐(2,6‐diisopropyl phenylimino) ethyl] pyridine, having central pyridine unit and two peripheral imine coordination sites was effectively employed in controlled/“living” radical polymerization of MMA at 90°C in toluene as solvent, CuIBr as catalyst, and ethyl‐2‐bromoisobutyrate (EBiB) as initiator resulting in well‐defined polymers with polydispersities Mw/Mn ≤ 1.23. The rate of polymerization follows first‐order kinetics, kapp = 3.4 × 10?5 s?1, indicating the presence of low radical concentration ([P*] ≤ 10?8) throughout the reaction. The polymerization rate attains a maximum at a ligand‐to‐metal ratio of 2:1 in toluene at 90°C. The solvent concentration (v/v, with respect to monomer) has a significant effect on the polymerization kinetics. The polymerization is faster in polar solvents like, diphenylether, and anisole, as compared to toluene. Increasing the monomer concentration in toluene resulted in a better control of polymerization. The molecular weights (Mn,SEC) increased linearly with conversion and were found to be higher than predicted molecular (Mn,Cal). However, the polydispersity remained narrow, i.e., ≤1.23. The initiator efficiency at lower monomer concentration approaches a value of 0.7 in 110 min as compared to 0.5 in 330 min at higher monomer concentration. The aging of the copper salt complexed with BPIEP had a beneficial effect and resulted in polymers with narrow polydispersitities and higher conversion. PMMA obtained at room temperature in toluene (33%, v/v) gave PDI of 1.22 (Mn = 8500) in 48 h whereas, at 50°C the PDI is 1.18 (Mn = 10,300), which is achieved in 23 h. The plot of lnkapp versus 1/T gave an apparent activation energy of polymerization as (ΔE≠app) 58.29 KJ/mol and enthalpy of equilibrium (ΔH0eq) to 28.8 KJ/mol. Reverse ATRP of MMA was successfully performed using AIBN in bulk as well as solution. The controlled nature of the polymerization reaction was established through kinetic studies and chain extension experiments. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4996–5008, 2005 相似文献
3.
Silica@copper (SiO2@Cu) core–shell nanoparticles were synthesized and well characterized by XRD, TEM, AFM, XPS, UV/Vis, TGA–MS, and ICP–AES techniques. The synthesized SiO2@Cu core–shell nanoparticles were employed as catalysts for the conjugate addition of amines to α,β‐unsaturated compounds in water to obtain β‐amino carbonyl compounds in excellent yields in shorter reaction times. Furthermore, the catalyst works well for hetero‐Michael addition reactions of heteroatom nucleophiles such as thiols to α,β‐unsaturated compounds. As the reaction is performed in water, it allows for easy recycling of the catalyst with consistent activity. 相似文献
4.
Alignment of photon-induced L3 vacancies is studied in rare earth and highZ elements at energies of experimental interest, near thresholds to 60 keV, under nonrelativistic dipole approximation. Numerical
calculations of the matrix element are undertaken to produce theoretical data for comparison with the experimental findings.
The A2 values being s>0.1 at photoelectron energies <20 keV are certainly higher than 5–8% uncertainties quoted in experimental
results. Present findings are from a very basic model, hydrogen-like and can further be treated as reference to observe the
impact of screening, relativistic, multipole and retardation corrections to the model 相似文献
5.
K. P. Madhusudanan Shubhra Mittal Susheel Durani R. S. Kapil 《Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS》1985,20(5):323-326
Stereospecific adduct ion formation has been observed in the chemical ionization mass spectra (positive and negative) of certain E- and Z-1,2,3-triaryl-2-propen-1-ones. The Z isomers are found to give higher relative abundances of adduct ions than the E isomers. This has been interpreted in terms of the differences in the proton affinities of the isomers originating from their different degrees of enone resonance. Halide ion (CI? and Br?) attachment spectra of these compounds also show stereochemical differences in the relative abundances of [M]?˙ and [M+halide]? ions, though the effect is not as pronounced as in the case of the positive ion spectra. 相似文献
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Navjeet Kaur Yamini Verma Pooja Grewal Neha Ahlawat Pranshu Bhardwaj Nirmala Kumari Jangid 《合成通讯》2020,50(9):1286-1334
AbstractFew conversions cannot take place with ground-state reactions even with the help of a catalyst, therefore they are made to occur under photochemical conditions. The transfer of electrons took place even with the photochemical excitement of one molecule where redox reaction cannot occur at the ground state. The ground-state reactions resulted in the formation of side products. The substrates did not require any sort of chemical activation for C–N bond construction in the course of photochemical reactions. The source of energy; light has always been the interest of researchers in order to induce chemical reactions ever since the starting of scientific chemistry. The present review encloses the chemistry of photochemical transformations with a focus on their synthetic uses. The organic photochemical reactions prevent the polluting or harmful reagents thus, provides a possibility for sustainable procedures as well as green chemistry. This review article displays the formation of numerous of five-membered fused nitrogen-heterocyclic compounds. 相似文献
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10.
R. K. Mittal J. P. Tandon R. C. Mehrotra 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1962,189(4):330-336
Summary In the present investigations, the standardization of vanadium(II) solution against ferric and cupric salts has been described and a few visual indicators have been shown to be applicable in the above titrations. When iron(III) solution is added to vanadium(II) solution neutral red marks the end point for VII to VIII change. This change is also noted when vanadium(II) solution is added to ferric solution in the presence of excess of concentrated hydrochloric acid at an elevated temperature and neutral red and phenosafranine as visual indicators. Under the same conditions, the end point with eupric solution also corresponds to this change.When vanadium(II) solution is added to ferric solution at an elevated temperature in the presence of methylene blue or gallocyanine as visual indicators, the end point marks VII to VIV change. A mixture of iron and copper has also been titrated successfully with the help of visual indicators.
Thanks of the authors are due to the C.S.I.R. authorities for providing a Junior Research Fellowship to one of them (R.K.M.). 相似文献
Zusammenfassung Zur Einstellung von Vanadium(II)-lösungen mit Eisen(III)- oder Kupfer(II)-salzen werden als visuelle Indicatoren Neutralrot, Phenosafranin, Methylenblau oder Gallocyanin benutzt. Bei Zugabe von Eisen(III)-lösung zur Vanadium(II)-lösung zeigt Neutralrot den Übergang VII VIII an. Dieser Übergang wird ebenfalls von Neutralrot und Phenosafranin angezeigt, wenn Vanadium(II)-lösung in Gegenwart von überschüssiger konz. Salzsäure bei erhöhter Temperatur zu Eisen(III)- oder Kupfer(II)-lösung gegeben wird. Der Übergang VII VIV wird von Methylenblau oder Gallocyanin angezeigt, wenn Eisen(III)-lösung bei erhöhter Temperatur mit Vanadium(II)-lösung titriert wird. Die Titration eines Gemisches von Eisen(III) und Kupfer(II) wird ebenfalls ausgeführt.
Thanks of the authors are due to the C.S.I.R. authorities for providing a Junior Research Fellowship to one of them (R.K.M.). 相似文献