Particle multiplicities in the fission-like reactions of 340 MeV Si on Th

Pre-scission and post-scission multiplicities of neutrons and alpha particles have been simultaneously measured for the fission-like reactions of 340 MeV ²⁸Si on ²³²Th. Dynamical model calculations using HICOL code predict that about 90% of the observed events are of quasi-fission type while the remaining 10% are from compound nucleus fission decay. Moving source fits were carried out to the observed neutron and alpha particle spectra, measured at different angles with respect to the fragment directions. The pre-scission and post-scission neutron multiplicities are deduced to be 8.7±2.0 and 9.4±2.0, respectively. The corresponding multiplicity values for alpha particles are found to be 0.22±0.08 and 0.1±0.03. From the measured post-scission neutron multiplicity, it is inferred that about 65±20 MeV of the initial excitation energy remains at scission. This may be compared to the value of 85±30 MeV estimated from PACE2 statistical model calculations, adjusted to reproduce the measured pre-scission neutron multiplicity. From a comparison of the Statistical Model predictions with the measured pre-scission neutron multiplicity, the fission delay is estimated to be of 5⁺⁷₋₃×10⁻²⁰ s which overlaps with the average duration of fission-like process from the contact to the scission point (2×10⁻²⁰ s) as determined from HICOL-based dynamical calculations. For the delay time deduced as above, the pre-scission alpha particle multiplicity calculated by the PACE2 code is about a factor two larger than the experimental one, demonstrating the difficulties in modelling the alpha particle emission from highly elongated shapes that characterize the fissioning system from the contact point to scission.     

Investigation of the 40Ar + 197Au, 238U systems at 44 MeV/u

We have measured the angular correlation between two fragments emitted in the reactions Ar + Au and Ar + U at 44 MeV/u at GANIL. The aim was to investigate the amount of initial linear momentum transferred from the projectile to a fissioning nucleus. It turned out that this amount is much smaller than can be extrapolated from previous experiments. Furthermore, the probability of forming a fissioning nucleus is very small.     

Minimally almost periodic totally disconnected groups

In this paper we prove that every closed noncompact group of isometries of a homogeneous tree which acts transitively on the tree boundary contains a normal closed cocompact subgroup which is minimally almost periodic. Moreover we prove that is a topologically simple group.

     

Sulphur content estimation of Venezuelan heavy oil by fast neutron and gamma transmission technique

A compact and modern equipment for implementing the fast neutron and γ-ray transmission technique (FNGT) has been developed in order to estimate the sulphur content of crude oil. FNGT is employed for non- destructive analysis of different kinds of samples. The compact system presented in this work represents an improvement of our previous experimental set-up [1, 2]. It makes use of a ²⁵²Cf source, an EJ-301 liquid scintillator detector (2″ × 2″) with excellent n/γ discrimination capabilities, and modern nuclear electronics based on fast digitizers. The fast neutron and gamma transmission technique was employed to study a system for on-line sulphur concentration measurement in Venezuelan heavy sour oil. The range of sulphur concentrations investigated is between 0.1 and 6.5 wt%. The equipment performances and limitations are compared with those predicted by a Monte Carlo model built in GEANT4 v10.01. The results show the possibility to implement a compact unit for on-line determination of sulphur concentration in crude oil.

     

High-energy gamma rays emission in coincidence with light charged particles from the32S +74Ge reaction at 210 MeV

High-energyγ-rays from the³²S+⁷⁴Ge reaction at 210 MeV bombarding energy were measured in coincidence with light charged particles detected in a large area hodoscope. Experimental results show that energeticγ-rays in coincidence with light charged particles are essentially emitted in the compound nucleus decay. The parameters of the giant dipole resonance (GDR) have been extracted from alineshape analysis of the experimentalγ-ray spectrum. The derived values of mean energyE _D, widthΓ and strengthS are in good agreement with results from previous experiments on Sn isotopes obtained by using different experimental techniques.     

Strong reaction channels at barrier energies in the system 6Li + 208Pb

Large cross-section reaction channels were measured in the systems ⁶Li( ⁷Li) + ²⁰⁸Pb with high statistical accuracy at 5(3) energies around the Coulomb barrier from 29 to 39 MeV. These channels were assigned (mainly) to the breakup of ⁶Li, very loosely bound, into α + d and to the breakup of ⁵Li, produced by n-transfer to the target, into α + p and to similar processes with ⁷Li beam. The cross-sections with ⁶Li, S _α = 1.475 MeV, are systematically larger than the ⁷Li ones. This reflects, most likely, the higher binding energy of ⁷Li, S _α = 2.468 MeV. Theoretical predictions for the ⁶Li + ²⁰⁸Pb system which include for ⁶Li breakup to continuum states within a continuum discretized coupled-channels approach (CDCC) and resonant breakup plus n-transfer with DWBA reproduce the angular distribution shapes but still underestimate the cross-sections by a factor ∼ 3. Received: 15 January 2001 / Accepted: 3 March 2001     

Search for hyperdeformed structures populated in the <Superscript>37</Superscript>Cl+<Superscript>120</Superscript>Sn reaction by using EUROBALL III

The ridge structure with ΔE_γ=±30 keV, observed in the past in coincidence with protons emitted in the reaction 187 MeV ³⁷Cl +¹²⁰Sn and attributed to an hyperdeformed nuclear shape in ¹⁵²Dy, has been studied in a new experiment performed with the EUROBALL III array. The ridge is now observed in coincidence with transitions in the yrast superdeformed band of ¹⁵²Dy but no discrete rotational bands have been identified. Received: 7 February 2000