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In this paper, nonlinear systems having multiple equilibrium points and low order dynamics are investigated. Roll motions of ships are studied by means of modern nonlinear techniques to exemplify the behavior of such nonlinear systems in the case when they are under the influence of external sinusoidal disturbances with unknown amplitudes. The main objective is to analyze the performance of this system at different operating conditions, including those giving rise to chaos, and to design a controller with an overparameterized structure to stabilize the system at the origin. A nonlinear recursive backstepping controller is proposed and the transient performance is investigated. Lyapunov-based techniques are used to force systematic following of a reference model while introducing a nonlinear parameter estimator to guarantee adaptivity. Robustness problems as well as ways to tune the controller parameters are examined. Simulation results are submitted for the uncontrolled and controlled cases, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed controller. Finally, a discussion and conclusions are given with possible future extensions. 相似文献
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Abdel‐Zaher Abdel‐Aziz Elassar 《中国化学会会志》2006,53(4):901-907
Methylquinoxaline derivative 1 undergoes bromination to give bromomethyl quinoxaline 2 , which could be transferred to cyanomethyl quinoxaline 3 . The latter compound 3 readily coupled with arene diazonium salts to give hydrazone derivatives 5a‐c . Compounds 5a,b reacted with active methylene reagents to give the target ring system, quinoxalinylpyridazine derivatives 8a‐c . Compound 1 reacted with DMFDMA to give the enamine derivative 9 , which coupled with arene diazonium salts to give the aldehydic hydrazone derivatives 10a‐c . Compound 10 reacted with active methylene compounds to give quinoxalinylpyridazine derivatives. UV characterization of some of the prepared compounds was reported. 相似文献
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A mixed-ligand Zn(II) complex formulated as [Zn(aldtc)2(bipy)] (aldtc=diallyldithiocarbamate; bipy=2,2′-bipyridine) was synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectral measurements and X-ray crystallography. The crystal structure of this complex indicates that Zn has a distorted octahedral geometry. The Zn—N distances are invariant (2.168(2) Å), while those of the Zn—S are slightly different (2.5408(9) and 2.5440(9) Å). The N—Zn—N, S—Zn—S and N—Zn—S bond angles are in the range 75.35(13)–99.75(7)°, 70.48(3)–161.02(5)° and 95.26(7)–160.32(7)°, respectively. The crystal packing of the complex shows different motifs of supramolecularity resulting from both hydrophilic ((π)C—H···S) and hydrophobic ((allyl)C—H···C(π)) intermolecular interactions. These interactions result in a chain arrangement of molecules along crystallographic c axis and the chains are further connected via π···π stacking along with ((π)C—H···S along b axis leading to an overall crystal packing that can be regarded as layers of complexes along bc plane, which are held together through nonconventional hydrogen bonding and π···π stacking. 相似文献
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Ahmed A. Shabana Mohamed H. Zaher Cheta Rathod 《Journal of sound and vibration》2011,330(24):6006-6022
General computational multibody system (MBS) algorithms allow for the linearization of the highly nonlinear equations of motion at different points in time in order to obtain the eigenvalue solution. This eigenvalue solution of the linearized equations is often used to shed light on the system stability at different configurations that correspond to different time points. Different MBS algorithms, however, employ different sets of orientation coordinates, such as Euler angles and Euler parameters, which lead to different forms of the dynamic equations of motion. As a consequence, the forms of the linearized equations and the eigenvalue solution obtained strongly depend on the set of orientation coordinates used. This paper addresses this fundamental issue by examining the effect of the use of different orientation parameters on the linearized equations of a gyroscope. The nonlinear equations of motion of the gyroscope are formulated using two different sets of orientation parameters: Euler angles and Euler parameters. In order to obtain a set of linearized equations that can be used to define the eigenvalue solution, the algebraic equations that describe the MBS constraints are systematically eliminated leading to a nonlinear form of the equations of motion expressed in terms of the system degrees of freedom. Because in MBS applications the generalized forces can be highly nonlinear and can depend on the velocities, a state space formulation is used to solve the eigenvalue problem. It is shown in this paper that the independent state equations formulated using Euler angles and Euler parameters lead to different eigenvalue solutions. This solution is also different from the solution obtained using a form of the Newton-Euler matrix equation expressed in terms of the angular accelerations and angular velocities. A time-domain solution of the linearized equations is also presented in order to compare between the solutions obtained using two different sets of orientation parameters and also to shed light on the important issue of using the eigenvalue analysis in the study of MBS stability. The validity of using the eigenvalue analysis based on the linearization of the nonlinear equations of motion in the study of the stability of railroad vehicle systems, which have known critical speeds, is examined. It is shown that such an eigenvalue analysis can lead to wrong conclusions regarding the stability of nonlinear systems. 相似文献
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Mao Haiyan Huang Runzhou Hashisho Zaher Wang Sunguo Chen Heng Wang Haiyan Zhou Dingguo 《Research on Chemical Intermediates》2016,42(4):3359-3371
Research on Chemical Intermediates - Activated carbons produced with agricultural residues have attracted substantial attention in recent years. However, much work remains to be done. The current... 相似文献
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Eman E. Essa Dalia Hamza Mostafa M. H. Khalil Hala Zaher Dina Salah Ashwaq M. Alnemari Magda H. Rady Shimaa A. A. Mo`men 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(21)
The current work discusses the production and characterization of new biodegradable nanoparticles for biomedical applications based on insect chitosan. Chitosan has numerous features due to the presence of primary amine groups in repeating units, such as antibacterial and anticancer activities. When polyanion tripolyphosphate is added to chitosan, it creates nanoparticles with higher antibacterial activity than the original chitosan. In this study, the ionic gelation technique was used to make wasp chitosan nanoparticles (WCSNPs) in which TEM and FTIR were used to investigate the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles. In addition, the antibacterial activities of chitosan nanoparticles against extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)- and carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were evaluated. The extracted wasp chitosan exhibited high solubility in acetic acid and met all standard criteria of all characterization testes for nanoparticles; the zeta potential indicated stable WCSNPs capable of binding to cellular membrane and increasing the cellular uptake. The produced WCSNPs showed growth inhibition activity against all tested strains, and the bacterial count was lower than the initial count. The inhibition percent of WCSNPs showed that the lowest concentration of WCSNPs was found to be effective against tested strains. WCSNPs’ antibacterial activity implies that they could be used as novel, highly effective antibacterial agents in a variety of biological applications requiring antibacterial characteristics. 相似文献
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El Zaher Asmaa A. Elkady Ehab F. El Houssini Ola M. El Ghwas Hind E. 《平面色谱法杂志一现代薄层色谱法》2018,31(6):461-468
JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC - New stability-indicating thin-layer chromatography (TLC)—densitometry and reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC)... 相似文献
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Clarke ML Ellis D Mason KL Orpen AG Pringle PG Wingad RL Zaher DA Baker RT 《Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)》2005,(7):1294-1300
The fluoroaryl phosphines P{C6H3(CF3)2-3,5}3 (La) and P(C6F5)3 (Lb) form the complexes trans-[MCl2(La)2] and trans-[MCl2(Lb)2](M = Pd or Pt) which have been isolated and fully characterised. 31P NMR studies of competition experiments show that the stability of trans-[PdCl2L2] is in the order L = Lb< La 相似文献