光学双稳性临界点的相变行为

本文详细地讨论了光学双稳性(OB)的临界现象。理论分析主要以忽略量子涨落的Fokker-Plank方程的静态解为基础。结果发现,OB的临界现象可以纳入Landau二级相变理论的框架,并且有关临界指数之间的关系也服从标度律。 关键词：     

Combined IR and XPS analysis of the native (1 0 0) surface of single‐crystalline silicon after HFaq etching

A combined analysis, based on angle‐resolved X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and multiple‐internal‐reflection infrared spectroscopy, of the (1 0 0) silicon surface after etching in dilute aqueous solution of HF is presented. The analysis shows that the surface is mainly formed by a heterogeneous distribution of SiH, SiH₂ and SiH₃ terminations, but contains (in addition to sub‐stoichiometric oxidized silicon) a form of reduced silicon, not consistent with the currently accepted picture of the native HF_aq‐etched surface. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Adsorption of heavy metals by layered double hydroxides grown in situ on Al foam

We investigated the adsorption of heavy metal ions on a nanostructured coating of zinc-aluminum layered double hydroxides (Zn-Al LDHs) grown on aluminum foam by one-step hydrothermal process. This approach aimed to increase the interactive surface and provide a more practical medium for removal of toxic heavy metals from aqueous media. The foam coated with LDH was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. After immersion in a copper-rich water solution, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrated the occurrence of adsorbed copper on the LDH-coated foam with two oxidation states: particles of metallic copper Cu⁰ with oxidized surface Cu⁺¹. X-ray diffraction showed the presence of Cu⁺² in the LDH structure.     

氮氧自由基研究XVII:水溶液中哌啶氮氧自由基的电化学行为和自衰变动力学研究

循环伏安法研究表明,2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-羟基哌啶-1-氧自由基和2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-氧哌啶-1-氧自由基,在水溶液中的单电子氧化电极反应的可逆性随介质酸性,扫描速度和自由基浓度增加而增加,表明电极氧化产物可进一步发生化学反应.     

指向学习体验的物质及其转化复习的教学实践——以“钠及其化合物”为例

学习体验是学生对学习内容、过程、方法、意义的自我感受和评估,对学生学习志趣、学习素养提升有积极正向作用。以钠及其化合物复习为例,将各类别物质间转化关系的构建、物质制备原理和条件的优选作为学习体验对象,依据学习体验的内在发展历程设计学习任务及活动,引导学生亲身体验学科认知方式、学科思维方法、学科应用价值,评价体验结果,激励学生自主学习发生。     

Charge Transport and Magnetotransport Properties of Polyimide Irradiated by 80keV Co Ions

Charge transport properties of polyimide films implanted with 80 keV Co ions at two different fluences （series I： 1.25 × 10^17 ions/cm^2, series Ⅱ： 1.75 × 10^17 ions/cm^2） are studied in detail. For series I, the temperature dependence of surface resistivity fits Mott＇s equation very well. It is on the insulating side of the insulator-metal transition （IMT）. However, for series Ⅱ, the temperature dependence of surface resistivity is not in agreement with Mott＇s equation. It is on the metallic side of lMT. The magnetotransport properties of these two series are also studied. No significant magnetoresistive effect is observed for series I at both 5 K and 300 K. For series Ⅱ, an obvious magnetoresistive effect is observed at 5 K, while there is no magnetoresistive effect at 300 K. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry （RBS） is applied to confirm the actual fluence for these two series.     

Mechanical properties of anion exchange membranes by combination of tensile stress–strain tests and dynamic mechanical analysis

The thermomechanical properties of anion exchange polymers based on polysulfone (PSU) quaternized with trimethylamine (TMA) or 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) and containing hydroxide or chloride anions by tensile stress–strain tests and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) have been determined. The reported mechanical properties included the Young's modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break from tensile tests and the storage and loss modulus and glass transition temperature from DMA. The anion exchange membranes behaved as stiff polymers with Young's modulus in the order of 1 GPa, relatively with high strength (about 30 MPa) and low elongation at break (around 10%) was observed. Tensile tests were also made with membranes exchanged with hydrogen‐carbonate and carbonate anions to control the absence of important carbonation of the OH form. The glass transition temperatures were of the order of 150 °C (PSU‐TMA) or 200 °C (PSU‐DABCO) for the hydroxide form, confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry; they increase further by about 50 K, when hydroxide ions are replaced by chloride. This result and the increase of the storage modulus could be interpreted by the higher hydration of hydroxide ions and the plasticizing effect of water, which reduced the Van der Waals interactions between the macromolecular chains. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016 , 54, 1180–1187     

超高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子源-串联三重四极杆质谱分析饮用水中的高氯酸盐

建立了超高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子源-串联三重四极杆质谱(UPLC-ESI MS/MS)分析饮用水中高氯酸盐的方法.以300Extend-C18为分析柱,10%甲醇水溶液为流动相,ESI MS/MS串联质谱为检测器,以多重反应监测(MRM)模式监测高氯酸盐m/z 99.5→82.9离子对.方法的线性范围为0.2 ～10 μg/L,相关系数为r2=0.999 9,方法检出限为0.15 μg/L,平均加标回收率为82%,相对标准偏差为4.4%.应用UPLC-ESI MS/MS法测定北京市部分城区饮用水中的高氯酸盐,其中5个水样中检出ClO-4,质量浓度为0.040 ～0.262 μg/L,但在安全阈值范围内,不会对居民健康构成威胁.