Evaluation of a 6.71 kW power tiller for draft and drawbar power on tar roads

A 6.71 kW power tiller was evaluated for draft and drawbar power on tar roads. The effect of mounting 40 kg of wheel ballast was also studied. Polynomial regression analysis was used to establish the relationship between draft and wheel slip, drawbar power and wheel slip, drawbar power and fuel consumption, and drawbar power and specific fuel consumption. The results of the study showed draft values of 2107, 2110 and 2110 N in second low, third low and first high gears at an engine speed of 150o rpm with a 15% wheel slip. The respective draft values at engine speed of 2000 rpm with a 15% wheel slip were 2172, 2189 and 2212 N. With the mounting of 40kg wheel ballast there was an increase in draft of 217, 207 and 291 N at 1500 rpm, and 328, 306 and 344 N at 2000 rpm of the engine with a 15% wheel slip in second low, third low and first high gears, respectively. The increase in drawbar power with 40 kg ballast was 10.88%, 7.83% and 20.13% at 1500 rpm and 18.89%, 16.56% and 14.88% at 2000 rpm of engine over the drawbar power available with zero ballast. The fuel consumption with the use of wheel ballast was slightly more than the fuel consumption without any ballast.     

Removal of185W,99Mo and125Sb radioisotopes from aqueous solutions using polyamine incorporated polysaccharides

Polyamino group-containing resins act both as chelating ion exchangers and weakly basic anion exchangers depending upon the species in contact in the solution. In the present work, ion exchangers based on polyamine incorporated polysaccharides (cellulose and galactomannan or guaran) have been used for removal of radioisotopes of¹⁸⁵W as WO ₄ ^2– ,⁹⁹Mo as MoO ₄ ^2– and¹²⁵Sb as Sb³⁺ from their separate aqueous solutions. These chelating anion exchangers have been synthesized by reaction of polysaccharides with epichlorohydrin followed by the respective polyamines as nucleophiles in a strongly alkaline medium. WO ₄ ^2– and MoO ₄ ^2– are adsorbed from their aqueous solutions through anion exchange process by chloride form of cellulose-triethylenetetraamine (cellulose-trien), cellulose-tetraethylenepentaamine (cellulose-tetren), guaran-triethylenetetraamine (guar-trien) and guar-tetraethylenepentaamine (guar-tetren) weakly basic anion exchangers. Guar-tetren chelating polymer has been found to be highly selective for¹²⁵Sb isotopes presumably due to the presence of chelating cis-hydroxy and tetren groups in the galactomannan matrix.     

E.s.r. studies on acylhydrazine and hydrazone copper(II) sulfate complexes

Summary Cu^II complexes of the [CuL₂(SO₄)]·nH₂O and [CuL(SO₄)(H₂O)₂]·nH₂O type, where L = benzoylhydrazine (PhCONHNH₂; BH) or iso-propanone benzoylhydrazone (PhCONHN:CMe₂; IBH), L= iso-nicotinoylhydrazine (NC₅H₄CONHNH₂; INH) or isopropanone iso-nicotinoylhydrazone (NC₅H₄CONHN: CMe₂; IINH); n = 0–2, were prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductances, and electronic, e.s.r. and i.r. spectral measurements. The electronic and e.s.r. spectra suggest a tetragonally distorted octahedral geometry in the solid state as well as in DMSO solution. The e.s.r. data also reveal an axial symmetry for most of the complexes in the solid state and in DMSO solution at 300 and 77 K, while the complex of IBH is isotropic at 300 K. The M_s = 2 transition observed for this complex suggests that it is a dimer. BH and INH bond to Cu^II through the C-O and NH₂ groups, whereas IBH and IINH bond through C-O and C-N groups.     

Complexometric estimation of copper

Summary Copper(II) or Copper(II) and iron(III) in a mixture are determined by titration with EDTA (disodium salt) solution as complexometric reagent at p_H 4.0 using potassium thiocyanate-p-anisidine as an indicator.Fe^III is estimated in the mixture by titration with EDTA (disodium salt) solution using potassium thiocyanate-ether as an indicator.Cu^II present in the mixture is, therefore, equivalent to the difference in amounts of the EDTA (disodium salt) used for the two sets of titrations of the mixture using potassium thiocyanate-p-anisidine and potassium thiocyanate-ether as indicators respectively.Strontium, magnesium, manganese, calcium, barium and mercuric ions do not interfere in these estimations.

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Zusammenfassung Kupfer(II) oder Kupfer(II) und Eisen(III) zusammen werden komplexometrisch mit ÄDTA-Lösung bei p_H 4,0 unter Verwendung von Kaliumthiocyanat-p-Anisidin als Indicator titriert. Eisen(III) wird in dem Gemisch durch komplexometrische Titration gegen Kaliumthiocyanat-Äther als Indicator bestimmt. Der Kupfer(II)-gehalt ergibt sich aus der Differenz der beiden Titrationen. Strontium, Magnesium, Mangan, Calcium, Barium und Quecksilber(II) stören nicht.

     

Synthesis and characterization of cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes with acetylacetone bis-benzoylhydrazone and acetylacetone bis-isonicotinoylhydrazone

Summary Acetylacetone bis-benzoylhydrazone (PhCONHN=CMe)₂ CH₂(LH₂) and acetylacetone bis-isonicotinoylhydrazone (NC₅H₄CONHN=CMe)₂CH₂(LH₂) complexes of the types [ML] and [ML] (M = Co^II, Ni^II, Cu^II or Zn^II) have been prepared and characterized. All the complexes are non-electrolytes and the cobalt(II) complexes are lowspin, the nickel(II) complexes are diamagnetic and the copper(II) complexes are paramagnetic. The ligands chelate via two C=N groups and two deprotonated enolate groups. The e.s.r. spectra of the copper(II) complexes indicate a tetragonally distorted dimeric structure. The X-ray diffraction parameters for [CoL] and [NiL] correspond to a tetragonal crystal lattice.     

Sol-gel-derived micron scale optical fibers for chemical sensing

We report for the first time on the preparation of organically-doped room temperature processed sol-gel-derived micron scale optical fibers as platforms for chemical- and bio-sensors. Micron scale optical fibers are drawn from fluorescent dye-doped tetraethoxysilane (TEOS)-derived sol-gel solution processed under ambient conditions. Such a simple methodology to entrap organic and even bioactive species within the optical fiber offers many advantages over more conventional ways of immobilizing organic probes for the development of optical sensors. Specifically, we report on the photophysical properties of fluorescein (a pH sensitive fluorescent dye) and rhodamine 6G (R6G; laser dye) entrapped within sol-gel-derived optical fibers. We present the preliminary results on the viability of such doped optical fibers for chemical sensing. Our results demonstrate that a fluorescein-doped sol-gel-derived optical fiber responds to ammonia and acid vapors with a response time of 1–2 seconds.     

N-benzamidosalicylaldimine complexes of copper(II), nickel(II), cobalt(II), iron(II), manganese(II), oxyvanadium(IV) and oxytitanium(IV)

Summary N-benzamidosalicylaldimine (H₂L) complexes of Cu^II, Ni^II, Co^II, Fe^II, Mn^II. VO_IV and TiO_IV have been prepared. The ligand probably coordinates to the metal from the hydroxyl, carbonyl and imino groups.     

n-Colour self-inverse compositions

MacMahon’s definition of self-inverse composition is extended ton-colour self-inverse composition. This introduces four new sequences which satisfy the same recurrence relation with different initial conditions like the famous Fibonacci and Lucas sequences. For these new sequences explicit formulas, recurrence relations, generating functions and a summation formula are obtained. Two new binomial identities with combinatorial meaning are also given.