APPROXIMATION BY COMPLEX SZASZ-DURRMEYER OPERATORS IN COMPACT DISKS

In the present paper, we deal with the complex Szasz-Durrmeyer operators and study Voronovskaja type results with quantitative estimates for these operators attached to analytic functions of exponential growth on compact disks. Also, the exact order of approximation is found.     

Three-dimensional simulation of laser–plasma-based electron acceleration

A sequential three-dimensional (3D) particle-in-cell simulation code PICPSI-3D with a user friendly graphical user interface (GUI) has been developed and used to study the interaction of plasma with ultrahigh intensity laser radiation. A case study of laser–plasma-based electron acceleration has been carried out to assess the performance of this code. Simulations have been performed for a Gaussian laser beam of peak intensity 5 × 10¹⁹ W/cm² propagating through an underdense plasma of uniform density 1 × 10¹⁹ cm^− 3, and for a Gaussian laser beam of peak intensity 1.5 × 10¹⁹ W/cm² propagating through an underdense plasma of uniform density 3.5 × 10¹⁹ cm^− 3. The electron energy spectrum has been evaluated at different time-steps during the propagation of the laser beam. When the plasma density is 1 × 10¹⁹ cm^− 3, simulations show that the electron energy spectrum forms a monoenergetic peak at ~14 MeV, with an energy spread of ±7 MeV. On the other hand, when the plasma density is 3.5 × 10¹⁹ cm^− 3, simulations show that the electron energy spectrum forms a monoenergetic peak at ~23 MeV, with an energy spread of ±7.5 MeV.     

MULTIDENTATE LIGAND EXCHANGE KINETICS: REACTIONS OF AMINOCARBOXYLATO-FERRATE(Ⅲ) COMPLEXES WITH 4-(2-PYRIDYLAZO) RESORCINOL

The kinetics and mechanism of ligand substitution reactions of nitrilotriacetatoiron(Ⅲ), [Fe(NTA)], and N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-ethylenediaminetfiacetatoiron(Ⅲ), [Fe(HEDTA)], complexes with 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol (Par) has been investigated at pH = 9.0±0.02, I= 0.1mol·1~(-1) (NaClO_4), and temp. = 25 ±0.1℃ and 30±0.1℃ respectively. The reaction has been studied spectrophotometrically at 496 nm. (λ_(max) of Fe(Par)_2). In both reactions the final product was [Fe(Par)_2]~-. The values of second order rate constants for NTA and HEDTA exchange reactions are (10.0±0.8)×10~1·mol~(-1)·s~(-1) and (2.7± 0.1)×10~(-1) 1·mol~(-1)·s~(-1) respectively. The reactions of NTA and HEDTA exchange were studied in the pH range 6-9.5 and 7-10.85 respectively. The rate of reacton of [Fe(NTA)] with HPar~- first increases with pH and then levels off. However, in the case of [Fe(HEDTA)] reaction, the rate increases monotonically with increase of pH in the specified range. The reverse reactions between [Fe(Par)_2     

Calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for quantitative elemental analysis of materials

The application of calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) for quantitative analysis of materials, illustrated by CF-LIBS applied to a brass sample of known composition, is presented in this paper. The LIBS plasma is produced by a 355?nm pulsed Nd:YAG laser with a pulse duration of 6?ns focussed onto a brass sample in air at atmospheric pressure. The time-resolved atomic and ionic emission lines of Cu and Zn from the LIBS spectra recorded by an Echelle spectrograph coupled with a gated intensified charge coupled detector are used for the plasma characterization and the quantitative analysis of the sample. The time delay where the plasma is optically thin and is also in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE), necessary for the elemental analysis of samples from the LIBS spectra, is deduced. An algorithm relating the experimentally measured spectral intensity values with the basic physics of the plasma is developed. Using the algorithm, the Zn and Cu concentrations in the brass sample are determined. The analytical results obtained from the CF-LIBS technique agree well with the certified values of the elements in the sample, with an accuracy error <1%.     

The critical point of quantum chromodynamics through lattice and experiment

This talk discusses methods of extending lattice computations at finite temperature into regions of finite chemical potential, and the conditions under which such results from the lattice may be compared to experiments. Such comparisons away from a critical point are absolutely essential for quantitative use of lattice QCD in heavy-ion physics. An outline of various arguments which can then be used to locate the critical point is also presented.     

Approximation by complex szász-durrmeyer operators in compact disks

In the present paper, we deal with the complex Szász-Durrmeyer operators and study Voronovskaja type results with quantitative estimates for these operators attached to analytic functions of exponential growth on compact disks. Also, the exact order of approximation is found.     

Impact of flexible machines on automated manufacturing systems

Although the problem of scheduling dynamic job shops is well studied, setup and changeover times are often assumed to be negligibly small and therefore ignored. In cases where the product mix changes occur frequently, setup and changeover times are of critical importance. This paper applies some known results from the study of multi-class single-server queues with setup and changeover times to develop an approximation for evaluating the performance of job shops. It is found that the product mix, setup and changeover times, and scheduling rules affect the performance significantly, in particular at high levels of machine utilisation. This approach could be used to determine the required level of flexibility of machines and to choose an appropriate scheduling policy such that production rates remain within acceptable limits for foreseeable changes in the product mix.     

Versatile laser microfabrication techniques for lab-on-chip devices in general and uranium analysis in particular

In a plethora of microfabrication processes available now-a-days, one needs to choose the best possible option suitable for the job on-hand. This paper discusses three versatile approaches to fabricate microchips for lab-on-chip (LOC) applications in general and uranium analysis in water samples as a specific case. Laser-direct patterning succeeded by soft lithography, laser micropatterning followed by HF etching and micromilling have been demonstrated which not only suit the objective of uranium detection but also for most of the LOC applications. The different techniques elaborated enable development of LOCs in polymers as well as glass with a depth ranging from few microns to 100 μm or higher while squeezing the reaction lengths of ～10 cm on a 20 mm × 32 mm chip. This development equips one to design and develop more complicated LOC devices to take advantage of their hastened reaction cycle with minimal waste in terms of capital and maintenance cost.     

Constraining the lightest neutrino mass and <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">m</Emphasis> <Subscript> <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">ee</Emphasis> </Subscript> from general lepton mass matrices

Despite spectacular advances in fixing the neutrino mass and mixing parameters through various neutrino oscillation experiments, we still have little knowledge about the magnitudes of some vital parameters in the neutrino sector such as the absolute neutrino mass scale, effective Majorana mass m_ee measured in neutrinoless double beta decay. In this context, the present work aims to make an attempt to obtain some bounds for m_ee and the lightest neutrino mass using fairly general lepton mass matrices in the Standard Model.     

Modified Boussinesq System with Variable Coefficients： Classical Lie Approach and Exact Solutions

The Lie-group formalism is applied to investigate the symmetries of the modified Boussinesq system with variable coefficients. We derived the infinitesimals and the admissible forms of the coefficients that admit the classical symmetry group. The reduced systems of ordinary differential equations deduced from the optimal system of subalgebras are further studied and some exact solutions are obtained.