SDS-Based Biomembrane Mimetic Chromatography for Prediction of Human Drug Transport as an in Vitro Technique

The main oral drug absorption barriers are fluid cell membranes, and generally drugs are absorbed by a passive diffusion mechanism. On the other hand, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is considered to be the main barrier to drug transport into the central nervous system (CNS). The BBB restricts the passive diffusion of many drugs from blood to brain. Biopartitioning micellar chromatography (BMC), a mode of micellar liquid chromatography that uses micellar mobile phases in adequate experimental conditions, can be useful as an in vitro system in mimicking the drug partitioning process into biological systems. In this study, relationships between the BMC retention data of a heterogeneous set of 12 drugs and their pharmacokinetics parameters (human oral drug absorption and BBB penetration ability) are studied and the predictive ability of the models is evaluated. Modeling of log k _BMC of these compounds was established by multiple linear regression in two different concentrations (0.07 and 0.09 M) of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The results showed a fair correlation between human oral drug absorption and BMC retention data in 0.09 M SDS (R ² = 0.864) and a good correlation between the blood–brain distribution coefficient and BMC retention data in 0.07 M of SDS (R ² = 0.887). Application of the developed models to a prediction set demonstrated that the model is also reliable with good predictive accuracy. The external and internal validation results showed that the predicted values are in good agreement with the experimental value.     

Circumferential resonance modes of solid elastic cylinders excited by obliquely incident acoustic waves

When an immersed solid elastic cylinder is insonified by an obliquely incident plane acoustic wave, some of the resonance modes of the cylinder are excited. These modes are directly related to the incidence angle of the insonifying wave. In this paper, the circumferential resonance modes of such immersed elastic cylinders are studied over a large range of incidence angles and frequencies and physical explanations are presented for singular features of the frequency-incidence angle plots. These features include the pairing of one axially guided mode with each transverse whispering gallery mode, the appearance of an anomalous pseudo-Rayleigh in the cylinder at incidence angles greater than the Rayleigh angle, and distortional effects of the longitudinal whispering gallery modes on the entire resonance spectrum of the cylinder. The physical explanations are derived from Resonance Scattering Theory (RST), which is employed to determine the interior displacement field of the cylinder and its dependence on insonification angle.     

Pure parametric excitation of a micro cantilever beam actuated by piezoelectric layers

This paper deals with the stability analysis of transverse motions of a cantilever microbeam sandwiched by two piezoelectric layers located on the lower and upper surfaces of the microbeam. Application of same DC and AC voltages to the upper and lower piezoelectric layers creates an axial force with steady and time-varying components. The eigenfunction expansion of the transverse motion equation leads to the creation of a Mathieu type parametric equation which is mostly seen in the stability analysis of the structures in the literature; using Floquet theory for single degree of freedom systems the stable and unstable regions of the problem are investigated. The effect of viscous damping and DC voltage on the stability region of the problem is also studied. The results show the stabilizing effect of the viscous damping and positive DC voltage on the behavior of the microbeam. The achieved results are finally compared with those reported in the literature.     

Application of Krein’s theorem and bifurcation theory for stability analysis of a bladed rotor

This paper considers the stability and eigenvalue analyses for a bladed rotor which goes under cylindrical and conical whirling. The model consists of a group of flexible blades which are modeled by beams and rigid disk on the elastic bearings. The model is a Hamiltonian system which is perturbed by small dissipative forces. Krein’s theorem reveals that the forward whirling mode and the blade collective motion may cause instability when their frequencies cut themselves in the Campbell diagram. An unstable interaction between the blades and the conical whirling is discovered. The eigenmode and eigenvalue evolutions are determined on the stability boundary. The bifurcation analysis is performed by applying multiple scales method around the stability boundary. It is shown that the damping distribution between the blades and the bearings may shift the unstable mode.     

Stability and Hamiltonian Hopf bifurcation for a nonlinear symmetric bladed rotor

The modal interaction which leads to Hamiltonian Hopf bifurcation is studied for a nonlinear rotating bladed-disk system. The model, which is discussed in the paper, is a Jeffcott rotor carrying a number of planar blades which bend in the plane of the motion. The rigid rotating disk is supported on nonlinear bearings. It is supposed that this dynamical system is a Hamiltonian system which is perturbed by small dissipative and nonlinear forces. Krein’s theorem is employed for obtaining a stability criterion. The nonlinear eigenvalue equations on the stability boundary are turned into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by differentiating them over the rotating speed. By solving these ODEs, the eigenmodes and the eigenvalues on the stability boundary are obtained. The bifurcation analysis is performed by applying multiple scales method around the boundary. The rotor nonlinear behavior and damping effects are studied for different conditions on the rotating speed and nonlinearity type by the bifurcation equation. It is shown that the damping distribution between the blades and bearings may shift the unstable mode. Depending on the nonlinearity type, subcritical and supercritical Hopf bifurcation are possible.     

The Sinc–Legendre collocation method for a class of fractional convection–diffusion equations with variable coefficients

This paper deals with the numerical solution of classes of fractional convection–diffusion equations with variable coefficients. The fractional derivatives are described based on the Caputo sense. Our approach is based on the collocation techniques. The method consists of reducing the problem to the solution of linear algebraic equations by expanding the required approximate solution as the elements of shifted Legendre polynomials in time and the Sinc functions in space with unknown coefficients. The properties of Sinc functions and shifted Legendre polynomials are then utilized to evaluate the unknown coefficients. Several examples are given and the numerical results are shown to demonstrate the efficiency of the newly proposed method.     

Vibrational analysis of alkyl iodides: 1-iodo-2- methylpropane and 1-iodo-3-methylbutane

Liquid and solid-state infrared spectra were obtained for 1-iodo-2-methylpropane and 1-iodo-3-methylbutane. The C-I stretching bands of the P_C and P_H' conformers of the propane were observed at 601 and 582 cm^?1, respectively, and those of the P_C and P_H conformers of the butane were observed at 595 and 512 cm^?1. Both conformers of each compound are present in the amorphous solid. Only the more sterically hindered P_H' conformer is present in the crystalline solid of the propane, and only the P_H conformer is present in the crystals of the butane. Vibrational assignments were made for both conformers of each compound with the aid of normal coordinate calculations. The increase in C-I stretching frequency of the P_H' conformer of the propane from the normal value in alkyi iodides (from ca. 500 to 582 cm^?1) is attributed to the increased contribution of C-C stretch and decreased contribution of C-I stretch.     

Thermal and long-term stability of fast-ion-irradiation-induced refractive index changes in lithium niobate crystals

Irradiation of congruently melting, nominally undoped lithium niobate crystals (LiNbO₃) with high-energy, low-mass ³He ions, which are transmitted through the crystal, causes large and stable changes of the refractive index. In the irradiated regions, the extraordinary index is increased whereas the ordinary index is diminished. The decay of these changes upon annealing treatments up to 400°C is investigated, exhibiting a strongly non-monoexponential decay behaviour. Long-term measurements of the refractive index changes yield no pattern erasure on a timescale of four years.     

Codes with girth 8 Tanner graph representation

Since short cycles are (empirically) detrimental to message passing, determining the girth of a given code is of interest in coding theory. Halford et al. studied codes which do not have a 4-cycle-free Tanner graph representation. It is natural to then ask which codes must have girth 8. In this paper, a new necessary condition is derived for codes to have girth 8. Halford et al. made statements about the girth of high rate well known codes but the girth of lower rate codes remain open. In this work, we investigate girth of low rate Reed–Muller, BCH and Reed–Solomon codes.     

Compositions of the seed oil of the Borago officinalis from Iran

In order to investigate the composition of borage (Borago officinalis L.) seed oil, this research was performed under the field conditions at Shahriyar and Garmsar zones, Iran during the 2012 planting year. The oil yield of borage was 31.46% and 33.7% at Shahriyar and Garmsar zone, respectively, and nine and eight fatty acids were identified in the seed oil of borage at Shahriyar and Garmsar, respectively – palmitic, linoleic, stearic and γ-linolenic acids were dominant in the seed oil of borage from both zones. Unsaturated fatty acid content was more than the saturated fatty acids in both zones. The ratio of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid in the borage cultivated at Shahriyar and Garmsar zones was 2.13 and 2.29. The fatty acid profile of Garmsar borage, oleic and oleic/linoleic acid ratio, increased. Locations with different ecological conditions resulted in changes in both seed oil content and fatty acid profile of borage.