象山港毛蚶的种群生物学及其繁殖保护措施

象山港毛蚶群体组成以２龄贝为主，占６６．１０％。体重与壳长之间关系为Ｗ＝１０－４×１．１．１７５Ｌ．其生长规律可用Ｌｏｇｉｔｉｃ自然生长方程Ｌ１＝３９．２７３９／１（１＋（为月份）描述。壳长生长曲线的拐点为３０月龄，体重生长曲线的拐点为６６月龄，合理采捕时间应在生长转折点以后，主要采捕２８～３４ｍｍ大规格的４龄贝，黄墩港和铁港两支港毛蚶的资源实际结算量为９２９．２５ｔ，理论估算量为９２４．７８ｔ，合理捕捞量估算为２７０～３７０ｔ采捕季节规定为１２月至翌年３月为宜。     

Non-ionic, thermo-responsive DEA/DMA nanogels: synthesis, characterization, and use for DNA separations by microchip electrophoresis

While organically bridged alkoxysilane precursors such as bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTESE) find increasing use in materials synthesis, their polymerization still has not been subject to detailed kinetic investigations. One factor complicating the measurement and interpretation of the behavior of these monomers is their tendency to aggregate during polymerization into small clusters or particles. Here, the phase behavior and kinetics of BTESE during polymerization in acidic water-ethanol solutions are investigated in situ using (29)Si NMR spectroscopy. Based on macroscopic observation of the colloidal stability of the reacting solutions, a ternary pseudo-phase diagram is constructed and solutions that seem from a macroscopic point of view to be favorable for kinetic investigation are probed in situ using (29)Si NMR. However, even when the solutions remain optically clear, the polymerization mixtures are sometimes prone to gradual loss of NMR signal. The rate of signal loss is found to be dependent on the initial composition as well as the pH of the reacting mixtures. We speculate that this phenomenon is caused by microphase separation of reaction intermediates formed early in the polymerization process. This phenomenon is likely to affect the formation and distribution of oligomers in the solution that eventually react together to form a material.     

花鲈工厂化育苗技术的研究

研究提高花鲈工厂化育苗成活率的技术，结果表明：（１）采用自选单胞藻营养强化轮虫和卤虫成体，按卤虫总量２．５．３．０％浓鱼油胶丸营养强化卤虫无节幼体，投喂花鲈仔稚幼鱼，能满足仔稚幼鱼生长发育的营养需求：（２）泼洒１ｐｐｍ呋喃西林或氯霉素能有效地治疗和预防仔稚幼鱼细菌性疾病的发生；（３）稚鱼阶段的适宜放养密度为１５００尾／ｍ３左右；（４）花鲈仔鱼经９０天培育，平均全长可达３８．５５ｍｍ，育成率达到５８．２１％，单位水体出苗量达到１５９９尾／ｍ３。     

象山港黄墩支港菲律宾蛤仔种群COI和ITS1基因序列特征及遗传多样性分析

为了解象山港黄墩支港菲律宾蛤仔种质资源的遗传多样性现状, 采用COI和ITS1分子标记对该种群进行了基因序列特征和遗传多样性分析. 结果表明 在该种群30个个体中扩增得到的COI基因序列长度均为709bp, ITS1序列长度范围在693~729bp(共有746个位点). COI基因序列的位点中有670个保守位点(占94.50%)、39个变异位点(占5.50%); ITS1序列的位点中有保守位点671个(占89.95%)、变异位点62个(占8.31%)和缺失/插入位点13个(占1.74%). COI基因序列的保守性高于ITS1序列. 在COI基因序列中碱基(A+T)的占比(65.84%)高于(C+G), 而ITS1序列中则是碱基(A+T)占比(37.59%)低于(C+G). COI和ITS1序列的遗传距离分析均显示群体内遗传分化不明显. 基于COI基因序列和ITS1序列构建的遗传进化树显示 各科贝类分别相聚, 象山港菲律宾蛤仔位于帘蛤科的分支中, 其COI序列与杂色蛤进化关系最近. 遗传进化树中各种贝类的聚类关系与传统分类学结果相一致, 可作为分类的参考. COI和ITS1序列的平均核苷酸差异数分别为5.497和6.549, 核苷酸多样性指数分别为0.00775和0.00973, 单倍型数目分别为21和28, 单倍型多样性分别为0.963和0.993, 根据COI和ITS1两个序列计算得到的菲律宾蛤仔象山港群体单倍型多样性均大于0.5, 核苷酸多样性指数均大于0.005, 表明该种群遗传多样性丰富, 并处于稳定状态. 本研究结果补充了菲律宾蛤仔遗传多样性方面的研究资料, 并可为象山港菲律宾蛤仔种质资源保护和遗传育种提供理论基础.     

New Azobenzene Dye Colorimetric and Ratiometric Chemosensors for Mercury(Ⅱ)Ion

A new series of azobenzene dyes, which possessed colorimetric and ratiometric recognition to Hg²⁺ based on the mechanism of internal charge transfer (ICT), was developed and characterized. The molecules involving azo and imino functional groups can coordinate with Hg²⁺ to result in a large blue shift from 453 to 363 nm corresponding to a notable color change from orange to pale yellow in aqueous methanol solution (H₂O/CH₃OH=1/4, V/V), which can be applied to naked eye detection of Hg²⁺. The sensitivity, selectivity and binding mode of the sensors to Hg²⁺ were investigated by UV‐Vis spectroscopy.     

鲈鱼(Lateolabraxjaponicus)出血病的电镜观察

电镜观察鲈鱼出血病的病理切片，发现肾上皮细胞内存在２５０ｎｍ具囊膜的病毒颗粒，肠肌细胞内存在５０ｎｍ无囊膜的病毒颗粒。肾、肠、肝和脾中的细胞都有不同程度的病变，病变细胞内质网肿胀，线粒体结构受损，细胞器数量也减少。肠肌细胞肌原纤维局部断裂产生空泡，肝细胞出现较多的脂肪滴。这些结果提示，由于细胞结构受损，细胞代谢发生障碍，加速了病鱼的死亡。     

A New Insight of the Photothermal Effect on the Highly Efficient Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalytic Performance of Novel‐Designed TiO2 Rambutan‐Like Microspheres Decorated by Au Nanorods

Photocatalyst‐assisted degradation of organic pollutants, which exhibits a novel strategy for solar‐energy utilization, possesses enormous potential in various applications. Extending the light‐absorption range in the spectrum of sunlight and improving light‐conversion efficiency are always primary issues to enhance the catalytic performance of these photocatalysts. Herein, a new structure of gold‐nanorod‐decorated TiO₂ rambutan‐like microspheres is designed, which exhibits superior photocatalytic ability toward Rhodamine B in the range of visible light due to the 3D distribution of the TiO₂ branches on the surface of the microspheres, which prompts the multireflection of photons. The absorption rate of photons is thereby tremendously enhanced. This is beneficial for the generation of hot electrons originating from the localized surface plasmonic resonance of Au nanorods, which can be used to both initiate the reaction and produce the photothermal effect. Hot electrons generated by a single Au nanorod in microspheres to initiate the degradation reaction can be as high as 2.5 times of those in the nanowires' counterpart. Moreover, the heating power of a single Au nanorod in microspheres reaches up to 4.4 times higher than that in nanowires, which further accelerates the degradation rate. The reaction pathway of visible‐light‐assisted RhB degradation catalyzed by Au/TiO₂ microspheres goes through an initial N‐deethylation process instead of the complete cycloreversion catalyzed by pure TiO₂ microspheres under UV irradiation. This strategy of structure design for improved photon absorption, which achieves high degradation rate and photothermal effect, is promising for the development of novel photocatalysts.     

氮掺杂碳纳米管负载Co3O4氧还原电催化剂的制备与性能

以碳纳米管(CNT)为原料,通过负载维生素B₁₂,简单热解得到了一种氮掺杂碳纳米管(N/CNT)负载低含量Co₃O₄纳米颗粒的氧还原电催化剂(Co₃O₄@N/CNT)。得益于均匀分散的Co₃O₄纳米颗粒以及氮掺杂,Co₃O₄@N/CNT表现出了优异的氧还原催化性能,其半波电位达到了0.844 V(vs RHE),超越了商业Pt/C(0.820 V(vs RHE))。与Pt/C相比,基于Co₃O₄@N/CNT组装的锌-空气电池表现出了更优的放电性能和循环稳定性。     

温度对老年低额■和蚤状■的繁殖能力及内禀增长率(r_m)的影响

在１５℃，２０℃．２５℃．３０℃和３５Ｃ５种温度下，观察了温度对老年低额（ＳｉｍｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓｖｅｔｕｌｕｓＯ．Ｆ．Ｍｕｌｌｅｒ）和蚤状（ＤａｐｈｎｌａＰｕｌｅｘＬｅｙｄｉｇ）的生殖及内禀增长率的影响。试验表明：两的发育速率随温度的升高而加快，但３５℃则减慢。每平均产仔量和一生生殖次数都以１５℃时最高。种群的内禀增长率老年低额以３０℃时最高。蚤状以２５℃时最高。净生殖率，老年低额以２０℃最高，蚤状以１５℃时最高。前者的最适温度为２５－３０℃，耐高温极限温度为３８℃；后者的最适温度为２０－２５℃、耐高温极限温度为３６１℃