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P. Armishaw J. M. Majewski P. J. McLay R. G. Millar 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》1998,360(6):630-639
Beef fat samples were prepared and tested as candidate reference materials for organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides. The CRMs consisted of beef fat spiked with pesticide solutions. One sample (ACSL CRM 1) was prepared containing close to 0.2 mg/kg of each of the organochlorine pesticides dieldrin and heptachlor epoxide. A second sample (ACSL CRM 2) was prepared containing close to 0.8 mg/kg of each of the organophosphorus pesticides diazinon, chlorpyrifos and ethion. The spiking levels and homogeneity of the materials were verified. The coefficients of variation of 5 analyses carried out to test between-jar homogeneity for each reference material were dieldrin, 3.5%; heptachlor epoxide, 1.1%; diazinon, 2.1%; chlorpyrifos, 1.2% and ethion, 3.1%. No instability in any of these compounds was detected over a twelve month period. The candidate reference materials were found to be suitable for certification by interlaboratory testing. The certification process was based on a two-stage nested design described in ISO Guide 35. Analysis of results reported by collaborating laboratories provided an assessment of the homogeneity of the reference materials. The certified values together with their upper and lower 95% confidence limits are: ACSL CRM 1*Dieldrin*0.199 mg/kg **(0.188, **0.210 mg/kg) *Heptachlor epoxide*0.194 mg/kg **(0.176, **0.212 mg/kg) ACSL CRM 2*Diazinon*0.805 mg/kg **(0.755, **0.855 mg/kg) *Chlorpyrifos*0.790 mg/kg **(0.728, **0.852 mg/kg) *Ethion*0.813 mg/kg **(0.746, **0.879 mg/kg). A certificate for each material was prepared according to the guidelines set out in ISO Guide 31. 相似文献
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Dicobalt octacarbonyl and some of its derivatives (NaCo(CO)4, Co4(CO)12, Hg[Co(CO)4]2, [Co(CO)3PPh3]2, NaCo(CO)3PPh3) react with activated gem-dihalides, R2CX2, such as dichlorodiphenylmethane, 9,9-dihalofluorenes and dimethyl dibromomalonate, to give the ‘dimer’ olefin, R2CCR2. The course of this conversion involves formation of the coupling product, R2XCCXR2, followed by dehalogenation of the latter. These separate steps have been confirmed for activated monohalides (bromodiphenylmethane, 9-bromofluorene, dimethyl bromomalonate) which were readily coupled by cobalt carbonyls, and for activated vicinal dihalides (D,L and meso-dibromostilbene, 9,9′-dichlorobisfluorenyl) which cobalt carbonyls readily dehalogenated. A radical mechanism is favored for these processes, and indirect evidence in its favor is presented. 相似文献
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Millar AJ Doonan CJ Smith PD Nemykin VN Basu P Young CG 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2005,11(11):3255-3267
Intermediates in the oxygen atom transfer from Mo(VI) to P(III), [Tp(iPr)MoOX(OPR3)] (Tp(iPr) = hydrotris(3-isopropylpyrazol-1-yl)borate; X = Cl-, phenolates, thiolates), have been isolated from the reactions of [Tp(iPr)MoO2X] with phosphines (PEt3, PMePh2, PPh3). The green, diamagnetic oxomolybdenum(IV) complexes possess local C(1) symmetry (by NMR spectroscopy) and exhibit IR bands assigned to nu(Mo==O) (approximately 950 cm(-1)) and nu(P==O) (1140-1083 cm(-1)) vibrations. The X-ray crystal structures of [Tp(iPr)MoOX(OPEt3)] (X = OC6H4-2-sBu, SnBu), [Tp(iPr)MoO(OPh)(OPMePh2)], and [Tp(iPr)MoOCl(OPPh3)] have been determined. The monomeric complexes exhibit distorted octahedral geometries, with coordination spheres composed of tridentate fac-Tp(iPr) and mutually cis monodentate terminal oxo, phosphoryl (phosphine oxide), and monoanionic X ligands. The electronic structures and stabilities of the complexes have been probed by computational methods, with the three-dimensional energy surfaces confirming the existence of a low-energy steric pocket that restricts the conformational freedom of the phosphoryl ligand and inhibits complete oxygen atom transfer. The reactivity of the complexes is also briefly described. 相似文献
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The applicability of pseudoscalar functions, in general, and of the Osipov–Pickup–Dunmur chirality index, in particular, as consistent chirality measures is discussed. It is shown that due to the presence of chiral zeros these functions are unsuited to measure the chirality of objects described by more than two independent parameters. 相似文献
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Jose Castro‐Perez Nathan Hatcher Nana Kofi Karikari Sheng‐Ping Wang Vivienne Mendoza Henry Shion Alan Millar John Shockcor Mark Towers David McLaren Vinit Shah Stephen Previs Karen Akinsanya Michele Cleary Thomas P. Roddy Douglas G. Johns 《Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM》2014,28(22):2471-2479
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Goodchild I Collier L Millar SL Prokes I Lord JC Butts CP Bowers J Webster JR Heenan RK 《Journal of colloid and interface science》2007,307(2):455-468
The surface, phase and aggregation behaviour of mixtures of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium halide, [C(n)mim]X, where n is the alkyl chain length, with water has been explored using a variety of methods. Critical micelle concentrations (cmc) and micelle structures have been determined for aqueous [C(n)mim]Br solutions for n=2, 4, 6, 8, and 10. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements reveal that for the n=8 and 10 systems, at concentrations just above the cmc, small near-spherical aggregates exist, which, after initial growth, possess core radii (aggregation numbers) at intermediate concentrations of 10.5+/-0.5 Angstrom (22+/-2) and 13.2+/-0.5 Angstrom (40+/-3), respectively, for n=8 and n=10. Towards higher concentrations, the aggregates appear to grow, with the aggregates in the [C(10)mim]Br system becoming increasingly elongated (prolate) with increasing concentration. No evident aggregates are formed in the systems with n=2 and 4. In the n=6 system, it appears that oblate aggregates with radius approximately 9 Angstrom form at the cmc and that the radius increases with increasing concentration. For longer alkyl chain lengths, at high concentrations lyotropic mesophases form in some systems. The mesophase region for the [C(8)mim]Cl system has been explored across the composition range using X-ray diffraction and (2)H NMR spectroscopy. Both techniques suggest that a major hexagonal phase with lattice parameter of 29.5+/-0.5 Angstrom coexists with a minor lamellar phase (23.5+/-0.3 Angstrom) or possibly a second hexagonal phase (27.1+/-0.4 Angstrom). The area per adsorbed molecule at the surface of [C(8)mim]Br solutions has been measured as a function of concentration using neutron reflectometry. A minimum in the area per molecule behaviour is coincident with a minimum identified in the surface tension isotherm occurring close to the cmc. The data suggest depletion of [C(8)mim]Br from the surface region occurs at concentrations immediately above the cmc. 相似文献