-Difference sequence spaces of fuzzy numbers

In this paper, using the difference operator of order m and an Orlicz function, we introduce and examine some classes of sequences of fuzzy numbers. We give the relations between the strongly Cesàro type convergence and statistical convergence in these spaces. Furthermore, we study some of their properties like completeness, solidity, symmetricity, etc. We also give some inclusion relations related to these classes.     

Almost lacunary statistical and strongly almost lacunary convergence of sequences of fuzzy numbers

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the concepts of almost lacunary statistical convergence and strongly almost lacunary convergence of sequences of fuzzy numbers. We give some relations related to these concepts. We establish some connections between strongly almost lacunary convergence and almost lacunary statistical convergence of sequences of fuzzy numbers. It is also shown that if a sequence of fuzzy numbers is strongly almost lacunary convergent with respect to an Orlicz function then it is almost lacunary statistical convergent.     

Generalized difference sequence spaces on seminormed space defined by Orlicz functions

In this paper we define the sequence space ℓ _M (Δ ^m , p, q, s) on a seminormed complex linear space by using an Orlicz function. We study its different algebraic and topological properties like solidness, symmetricity, monotonicity, convergence free etc. We prove some inclusion relations involving ℓ _M (Δ ^m , p, q, s).      

Purification and Characterization of Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) from Swiss Black,Holstein, and Montofon Bovines

Paraoxonase 1 (PON1: EC 3.1.8.1) is a calcium-dependent enzyme associated with high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) and has a protective effect against oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) in mammals. PON1 is the best-studied member of a family of enzymes called serum paraoxonases, or PONs, identified in mammals and other vertebrates as well as in invertebrates. PONs exhibit a range of important activities, including drug metabolism and detoxification of organophosphates such as nerve agents. This study reports, for the first time, purification and biochemical characterization of serum PON1 from different bovine breeds namely Swiss Black, Holstein, and Montofon. Bovine serum PON1s were purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by Sepharose-4B-l-tyrosine-1-naphthylamine hydrophobic interaction chromatography. SDS–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified enzymes indicates a single band with an apparent MW of 43 kDa. The purified enzymes had a specific activity of 10.78, 27.00, and 22.38 U/mg for Swiss Black, Holstein, and Montofon bovines, respectively. The overall purification rates of our method were 262.47-, 2,476.90-, and 538.06-fold for Swiss Black, Holstein, and Montofon bovines, respectively. Furthermore, using phenyl acetate as a substrate, we determined the K _M and V _max values of the purified enzymes, as 0.80 mM, 1428.5 U/ml for Swiss Black; 0.40 mM, 714.3 U/ml for Holstein; and 0.50 mM, 1,111.1 U/ml for Montofon bovine. The present study has revealed that there is no substantial difference in PON1 activities among the studied bovine breeds.     

Symbiotic relationship between brain structure and dynamics

Background  

Brain structure and dynamics are interdependent through processes such as activity-dependent neuroplasticity. In this study, we aim to theoretically examine this interdependence in a model of spontaneous cortical activity. To this end, we simulate spontaneous brain dynamics on structural connectivity networks, using coupled nonlinear maps. On slow time scales structural connectivity is gradually adjusted towards the resulting functional patterns via an unsupervised, activity-dependent rewiring rule. The present model has been previously shown to generate cortical-like, modular small-world structural topology from initially random connectivity. We provide further biophysical justification for this model and quantitatively characterize the relationship between structure, function and dynamics that accompanies the ensuing self-organization.     

On pα-dual spaces of generalized difference sequence spaces

In this paper, we compute the $p\alpha$-, $p\beta$- and $p\gamma$-duals of the sequence spaces ${?}_{\infty }\left(k^m\right),c\left(k^m\right),c_0\left(k^m\right)$, the $pN$-dual of the sequence spaces ${\Delta }_{v,r}^m\left({?}_{\infty }\right),{\Delta }_{v,r}^m\left(c\right)$ and the $p\alpha$-dual of the sequence spaces ${\Delta }_{v,r}^m\left({?}_{\infty }\right),{\Delta }_{v,r}^m\left(c\right)$ and ${\Delta }_{v,r}^m\left(c_0\right)$.     

A new approach to overcome natural cholesterol interference during simultaneous determination of two stable isotope-enriched cholesterol tracers in human plasma

We have developed a validated gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method with two labelled cholesterol tracers, i.e. (2)H(4) ([2H4]-Chol) and (2)H(7) ([2H7]-Chol) enriched moieties, with a new way of calculating the abundance of labelled cholesterol in plasma without natural cholesterol interference. The isotopomers of the analytes could interfere during analysis. Elimination of these interferences can be performed by the blank or mathematical subtraction method. Validation was performed with the two interference elimination methods. For both methods, linearity was obtained in the range 5 x 10(-4) to 10(-2) mM for both labelled cholesterol moieties. In the same range, repeatability and reproducibility were less than 6.5% and 7.5% for [2H4]-Chol and [2H7]-Chol, respectively. Accuracy was about 100% and recoveries always included 100% for the two labelled cholesterols. We demonstrate that measurement of blank plasma is not necessary when using the validated abundance isotope calculation method. This saves time, reagent and samples. This calculation strategy can be extrapolated to comparable tracer approaches.     

Nanometric diamond delta doping with boron

Diamond is desired for active semiconducting device because of it high carrier mobility, high voltage breakdown resistance, and high thermal diffusivity. Exploiting diamond as a semiconductor is hampered by the lack of shallow dopants to create sufficient electronic carriers at room temperature. In this work, nanometer thick, heavily boron doped epitaxial diamond ‘delta doped’ layers have been grown on ultra smooth diamond surfaces which demonstrate p type conduction with enhanced Hall mobilities of up to 120 cm²/Vs and sheet carrier concentrations to 6 × 10¹³ cm^–2, thus enabling a new class of active diamond electronic devices. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)