A simple stereoselective one-pot synthesis of C-nucleosides by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of chiral azomethine imines prepared in situ

The NH,NH-dihydrocycloadduct 1 (6-chloro-9,9-dimethyl-7,8-dihydro-9H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]tetrazolo[1,5-b]-pyridazine) obtained by the cycloaddition of 2-diazopropane to 6-chlorotetrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazine, is transformed with protected or unprotected carbohydrates 2, 5, 7,9, 11, 13 and 15 in the presence of methyl acrylate ( 3 ) into the corresponding C-nucleosides 4,6,8,10,12,14 and 16 . In this one-pot synthesis two new chiral centers are formed stereoselectively, dependent on the chirality at C-atom next to aldehydo group in the carbohydrate.     

Synthesis of lanthanum–strontium manganites by oxalate-precursor co-precipitation methods in solution and in reverse micellar microemulsion

Nanostructured lanthanum–strontium manganites were synthesized using two different co-precipitation approaches, one in bulk solution, and the other in reverse micelles of CTAB/1-hexanol/water microemulsion. In both cases, precursor cations were precipitated by using oxalic acid. The properties of the materials synthesized by using these two methods were compared in order to reveal potential advantages of the microemulsion-assisted approach. The influence of the annealing conditions on the properties of synthesized manganites was investigated by using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and magnetic measurements.     

The synthesis of iron–nickel alloy nanoparticles using a reverse micelle technique

Nanosized Fe_0.2Ni_0.8 particles were prepared by reducing their salts with sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) in cationic water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsions of water/cetyl-trimethyl-amonium bromide (CTAB) and n-butanol/isooctane at 25 °C. According to the TEM and X-ray diffraction analyses, the synthesized particles were around 4–12 nm in size. Due to their nanodimensions, the particles had a primitive cubic (pc) structure rather than the body-centered cubic (BCC) structure of the bulk material. An examination of the synthesis from the reverse micelle reveals that the morphology of the iron–nickel alloy nanoparticles depends mainly on the microemulsion's composition. The magnetization of the nanoparticles was much lower than that of the bulk material, reflecting the influence of the nanodimensions on the particles’ magnetizations.     

A new approach towards peptidosulfonamides: synthesis of potential inhibitors of bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis enzymes MurD and MurE

Peptidosulfonamides are an emerging group of peptidomimetics with a variety of applications in medicinal chemistry. We present a novel approach to the synthesis of peptidosulfonamides, and apply it to a series of new potential inhibitors of the bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis enzymes MurD and MurE. The synthesis was conducted via N-phthalimido β-aminoethanesulfonyl chlorides, which are new building blocks for the synthesis of peptidosulfonamides. In the most crucial step, sulfonic acids or their sodium salts were converted into the corresponding sulfonyl chlorides using an excess of either SOCl₂ or SOCl₂/DMF, and then coupled to the C-protected amino acid. None of the compounds significantly inhibited MurD, however, some inhibited MurE; one had an IC₅₀ below 200 μM, which constitutes a promising starting point for further development. Molecular modelling simulations were performed on two analogues to investigate the absence of inhibitory activity of the sulfonamide compounds on MurD.     

Influence of solute mobility on dislocation motion I. Basic model

Dislocation motion in the real lattice of alloys is highly complex. In a certain temperature range the dynamic strain ageing phenomena have been reported. In this paper the influence of mobile solute atoms (as obstacles) on the motion of dislocation is analysed. Both processes are assumed to be thermally activated. A new model based on this assumption is proposed. The dislocation velocity and the friction stress (due to solute-dislocation interactions) are calculated. A change in the friction stress caused by solute mobility is discussed.     

Thickness dependence of exciton absorption in pure GaAs crystals at the “prequantum” limit

The optical absorption of GaAs crystals with thicknesses d=0.4−4.4 μm is measured in the exciton-polariton resonance region at a temperature of 1.7 K. As the thickness is reduced, both a broadening of the exciton line and increased absorption with a negligible Stark shift are observed. The way the absorption spectra vary with crystal thickness is examined in terms of a competition between two regions for light-exciton interactions in the crystal: in the field of surface charges and electric-field free. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 40, 869–871 (May 1998)     

Conductivity and field and current distributions in a two-component system composed of regular triangles

The problem of the effective conductivity and the distributions of a field and currents is analyzed in a regular two-component system composed of regular triangles. An efficient solution method is developed that admits a generalization to multicomponent systems.     

Galvanomagnetic and thermoelectric properties of multicomponent n-type solid solutions based on Bi and Sb chalcogenides

The galvanomagnetic and thermoelectric properties of n-Bi_2-x Sb_xTe_3-y-z Se_yS_z multicomponent solid solutions with atomic substitutions (Sb → Bi; Se, S → Te) are studied. The principal components of the effective mass tensor (m ₁, m ₂, m ₃) for the isotropic mechanism of charge carrier scattering are determined within a many-valley model of the energy spectrum for compositions 0.08 ≤ x ≤ 0.4 and 0.06 ≤ y = z ≤ 0.15. The effect of a variation in the parameters of the constant-energy surface on the thermoelectric efficiency is analyzed for different compositions and carrier concentrations in solid solutions.     

The influence of temperature on superplasticity of Zn-Al-Cd alloy

Experimental results of the study of superplastic behaviour in Zn-0·35 wt. % Al-0·25 wt. % Cd alloy are presented. The attention has been paid to the influence of temperature on stress-strain curves, ductility, strain rate sensitivy parameterm and activation energy of superplastic flow. The best superplastic properties have been established at temperatures T370 K (0·53 T_m): ductilityA=600% and parameterm=0·56. A fast grain growth observed at temperaturesT 380 K has been suggested to be responsible both for the decrease in ductility and parameterm values and for the origin of an anomaly in the decreasing temperature dependence of flow stress. The measurements of activation energy have shown an expected decrease in activation energy at the transition from the non-superplastic region at lower temperatures to the superplastic region at higher temperatures. Significant transient effects after strain rate changes have been observed. The experimental results obtained in the Zn-Al-Cd alloy have been compared with those obtained in binary Zn-1·1 wt. % Al alloy and discussed from the point of view of possible models of structural superplasticity.     

Softening during and after the hot deformation of the AISI 321 steel with respect to practical applications

The softening processes during and after the hot deformation (850–1180 C) in AISI 321 stainless steel were studied with respect to true strains _D and true strain rates . The analysis of deformation curves indicates the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization for values of Zener-Hollomon parameterZ10¹⁵ s^–1. The retardation of static recrystallization by fine Ti(N, C) precipitates is documented by microstructure studies and by variations of annealing conditions.