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1.
Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy for the fast identification of PVC-based films 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Laasonen M Rantanen J Harmia-Pulkkinen T Michiels E Hiltunen R Räsänen M Vuorela H 《The Analyst》2001,126(7):1122-1128
Near infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy was used to develop a non-destructive and rapid qualitative method for the analysis of plastic films used by the pharmaceutical industry for blistering. Three types of films were investigated: 250 microm PVC [poly(vinyl chloride)] films, 250 microm PVC films coated with 40 g m(-2) of PVDC [poly(vinylidene dichloride)] and 250 microm PVC films coated with 5 g m(-2) of TE (Thermoelast) and 90 g m(-2) of PVDC. Three analyses were carried out using different pre-treatment options and a PLS (partial least squares) algorithm. Each analysis was aimed at identifying one type of film and rejecting all types of false sample (different thickness, colour or layer). True and false samples from four plastics manufacturers were included in the calibration sets in order to obtain robust methods that were suitable regardless of the supplier. Specificity was demonstrated by testing validation sets against the methods. The tests showed 0% of type I (false negative identification) and 1% of type II errors (false positive identification) for the PVC method, 13 and 3%, respectively, for the PVC-PVDC method and no error for the PVC-TE-PVDC method. Type II errors, mostly due to the slight sensitivity of the methods to film thickness, are easily corrected by simple thickness measurements. This study demonstrates that NIR spectroscopy is an excellent tool for the identification of PVC-based films. The three methods can be used by the pharmaceutical industry or plastics manufacturers for the quality control of films used in blister packaging. 相似文献
2.
Spark source mass spectrometry in combination with principal component analysis and clustering analysis was used to investigate the trace element distributions in metallic samples. The analysis of Zn and Cu samples and a comparison with direct imaging secondary ion microscopy demonstrated the consistency of the approach.On leave from Department of Chemistry, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China. 相似文献
3.
Bernard Masereel Mustapha Dinguizli Caroline Bouzin Nicolas Moniotte Olivier Feron Bernard Gallez Thierry Vander Borght Carine Michiels Stéphane Lucas 《Journal of nanoparticle research》2011,13(4):1573-1580
Nanoscale materials are used in the biomedical field for magnetic resonance imaging, protein detection and drug/gene delivery.
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are particularly investigated in cancer treatment and imaging. In this study, we described a simple
and reliable liquid method to coat AuNPs (diameter: 21 nm) layer-by-layer with alternative cationic polyallylamine and anionic
polystyrenesulfonate. The C-terminal amino acid of the antibody directed against anti-bovine serum albumin was activated by
EDC/NHS, and then condensed with the amino functions of the external polyallylamine layer. An ELISA test confirmed that the
antigen recognition of the bioconjugate antibody was conserved. This AuNP coating and the covalently coupling could be used
as a generic process for binding other specific antibodies, particularly those overexpressed in cancer cells and angiogenesis. 相似文献
4.
Definitions for pseudospectra and stability radii of an analytic matrix function are given, where the structure of the function is exploited. Various perturbation measures are considered and computationally tractable formulae are derived. The results are applied to a class of retarded delay differential equations. Special properties of the pseudospectra of such equations are determined and illustrated. 相似文献
5.
Michiels Wim; Niculescu Silviu-Iulian; Moreau Luc 《IMA Journal of Mathematical Control and Information》2004,21(4):393-418
We address the output feedback stabilization problem of linearfinite-dimensional SISO systems. Limitations of static time-invariantoutput feedback on stabilizability are well known. We investigateand compare the possibilities of two recently proposed simplemodifications/generalizations of static time-invariant outputfeedback to remove such limitations. The first approach consistsof introducing a time-delay in the control law, which can betreated as an additional control parameter. The second approachconsists of making the gain time-varying. We show that bothapproaches are complementary. Existing theoretical results arebrought together in a unifying framework. Numerical proceduresfor the construction of the controllers are provided. Robustnessw.r.t. both parametric and delay uncertainty are dealt with.As an illustration the stabilizability of all second-order systemsis completely determined. 相似文献
6.
Recent progress in ion microscopy and ion-microprobe analysis is reviewed with special emphasis on the potential of the method for the determination of impurities in locally restricted areas of the sample. Emphasis is placed on the calibration of the depth scale and on the potential of the method for three-dimensional analysis. 相似文献
7.
Kellenbach E Sanders K Michiels PJ Girard FC 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2011,399(2):621-628
The recently revised European Pharmacopeia and US Pharmacopeia heparin sodium monographs include nuclear magnetic resonance
(NMR) tests on both identity and purity. In KMnO4-bleached heparin, an unidentified NMR signal is present at 2.10 ppm at a level of 15–20% of the mean of signal height of
the major glucosamine (GlcNAc/GlcNS,6S) anomeric proton signal at 5.42 ppm and of the major iduronic acid (IdoA2S) anomeric
proton signal at 5.21 ppm. According to the new monographs, no unidentified signals greater than 4% should be detected at
that position. Thus, the material did not meet the acceptance criterion. The signal at 2.10 ppm has been present at the same
level in all released MSD KMnO4-bleached heparin sodium batches analyzed over the past 10 years. The signal is a result of the KMnO4 bleaching. No (oversulfated) chondroitin sulfate or dermatan sulfate was detected in this material. A comprehensive NMR study
using long-range heteronuclear 2D techniques identifies this signal at 2.10 ppm as originating from the acetyl methyl group
of (6-sulfated) 2-N-acetyl-2-deoxy-glucono-1,5-lactone. This modified monosaccharide is formed by the KMnO4 oxidation of the reducing end of a terminal N-acetylglucosamine. 相似文献
8.
A. Verbueken E. Michiels R. Van Grieken 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1981,309(4):300-304
Summary Analysis of biological material by spark source mass spectrometry is reported. Preliminary studies mainly based upon the analysis of the NBS standard reference material SRM-1571 (Orchard Leaves) are described. Attention is drawn to the importance of a suitable sample preparation method. The advantages of a wet digestion technique in a Teflon bomb are discussed and its use is justified by the satisfactory overall analysis precision of about 20%.
Gesamtanalyse von Pflanzenmaterial und biologischem Gewebe mittels Funken-Massenspektrometrie
Zusammenfassung Die Analyse von biologischem Material mit der Funken-Massenspektrometrie wird beschrieben. Erste Untersuchungen basieren auf der Analyse der NBS-Standardprobe Orchard Leaves (NBS SRM-1571). Die Wichtigkeit einer geeigneten Probenvorbereitung wird betont. Die Vorteile der Naßaufschlußtechnik in einer Teflonbombe werden diskutiert und ihr Einsatz durch die gute Gesamtreproduzierbarkeit von etwa 20% gerechtfertigt.相似文献
9.
Ingrid Luyten RobertM. Esnouf SergeyN. Mikhailov EkaterinaV. Efimtseva Paul Michiels HansA. Heus CeesW. Hilbers Piet Herdewijn 《Helvetica chimica acta》2000,83(6):1278-1289
The solution structure of the self‐complementary deca‐ribonucleotide 5′‐r(GCGA*AUUCGC)‐3′ containing 9‐[2‐O‐(β‐D ‐ribofuranosyl)‐β‐D ‐ribofuranosyl]adenine (A*), a modified nucleotide that occurs in lower eukaryotic methionine initiator tRNAs (tRNAsiMet), was determined by NMR spectroscopy. Unexpectedly, the modification has no effect on the thermal stability of the duplex. However, the extra ribose moiety is in the C(3′)‐endo conformation and takes up a well‐defined position in the minor groove, which is in agreement with its position in tRNAsiMet as determined by X‐ray crystallography. Molecular‐dynamics simulations on the RNA duplex in H2O show that the position of the extra ribofuranose moiety seems to be stabilized by bridged H‐bonds (mediated by two H2O molecules) to the backbone of the complementary chain. 相似文献
10.
The Arnoldi method for standard eigenvalue problems possesses several attractive properties making it robust, reliable and efficient for many problems. The first result of this paper is a characterization of the solutions to an arbitrary (analytic) nonlinear eigenvalue problem (NEP) as the reciprocal eigenvalues of an infinite dimensional operator denoted ${\mathcal {B}}$ . We consider the Arnoldi method for the operator ${\mathcal {B}}$ and show that with a particular choice of starting function and a particular choice of scalar product, the structure of the operator can be exploited in a very effective way. The structure of the operator is such that when the Arnoldi method is started with a constant function, the iterates will be polynomials. For a large class of NEPs, we show that we can carry out the infinite dimensional Arnoldi algorithm for the operator ${\mathcal {B}}$ in arithmetic based on standard linear algebra operations on vectors and matrices of finite size. This is achieved by representing the polynomials by vector coefficients. The resulting algorithm is by construction such that it is completely equivalent to the standard Arnoldi method and also inherits many of its attractive properties, which are illustrated with examples. 相似文献