Collective correlations,dynamics, and behavioural inconsistencies of the cryptocurrency market over time

Nonlinear Dynamics - This paper introduces new methods to study behaviours among the 52 largest cryptocurrencies between 01-01-2019 and 30-06-2021. First, we explore evolutionary correlation...     

Frequency stabilization and transverse mode discrimination in injection-seeded unstable resonator TEA CO2 lasers

Longitudinal mode selection by injection has been demonstrated as a viable technique for TEA-CO₂ lasers with pulse energies of a Joule or greater. Once reliable generation of single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) pulses is obtained, one can study the characteristics and the causes of intrapulse frequency variation. These include the effect of the decaying plasma, the thermal gradient due to the energy dissipation associated with the laser mechanism itself, and the pressure shift of the center frequency of the laser transition. The use of the positive-branch unstable resonator as an efficient means of coupling a discharge with large spatial dimensions to an optical cavity mode introduces another concern: namely, what can be done to emphasize transverse mode discrimination in an unstable resonator cavity while maintaining high coupling efficiency. These issues are discussed in this paper, and relevant experimental results are included.     

An efficient furan synthesis using heterogeneous catalysis

A wide variety of 3-alkyne-1,2-diols have been found to undergo exceptionally clean 5-endo-dig cyclisations followed by dehydration at ambient temperature to give the corresponding furans in essentially quantitative yields when exposed to 10 mol % of 10% w/w silver(I) nitrate absorbed on silica gel.     

Vectorial Approach to Fast Correlation Attacks

A new, vectorial approach to fast correlation attacks on binary memoryless combiners is proposed. Instead of individual input sequences or their linear combinations, the new attack is targeting subsets of input sequences as a whole thus exploiting the full correlation between the chosen subset and the output sequence. In particular, the set of all the input sequences can be chosen as the target. The attack is based on a novel iterative probabilistic algorithm which is also applicable to general memoryless combiners over finite fields or finite rings. To illustrate the effectiveness of the introduced approach, experimental results obtained for random balanced combining functions are presentedMost of this work was done while he was with Rome CryptoDesign Center, Gemplus, Italy     

On the Motion of a Dynamic System with Minimal Dissipation

The motion of a holonomic scleronomic non-conservative mechanicalsystem with minimal dissipation is considered. As applicationsof the theory several problems are studied in detail.     

Quantum Circuits and Schr?dinger’s Cat States

Quantum systems that are confined to circuit geometries are called quantum circuits. Macroscopic superconducting circuits are quantum circuits which can be modelled using a Quantisation by Parts scheme based on the macroscopic wave function approach of Feynman. This paper studies the circuit composed of an input wire and an output plate. We find that in order to achieve a consistent theory of supercurrent flow we have to generalize the quantisation by parts scheme to quantise in a path space. The generalized theory predicts a current flow down the wire into the plane. In addition to a current flowing radially outwards in the plane, the theory allows a circulating current round the origin. Strikingly, the circulating current can flow clockwise or anti-clockwise in such a way as to generate a magnetic moment of magnitude half of a Bohr magneton for an orbiting electron in an atom and a magnetic flux half that of the magnetic flux quantum of a superconducting ring. There is also the possibility of a macroscopic superposition of the two states of opposing circulating currents resembling a Schr?dinger’s cat situation. Furthermore, we outline a setup involving an external magnetic field that may allow experimental tests of the theory.     

A ToF-SIMS and XPS study of protein adsorption and cell attachment across PEG-like plasma polymer films with lateral compositional gradients

In this work we report a detailed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) study of poly(ethylene glycol) PEG-like chemical gradients deposited via plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) at two different load powers using diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DG) as a monomer. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to the ToF-SIMS data both before and after protein adsorption on the plasma polymer thin films. Results of the PCA loadings indicated a higher content of hydrocarbon fragments across the higher load power gradient, which adsorbed higher amounts of proteins. Gradients deposited at a lower load power retained a higher degree of monomer like functionality as did the central region directly underneath the knife edge electrode. Analysis of the adsorption of serum proteins (human serum albumin and fetal bovine serum) was monitored across the gradient films and increased with decreasing ether (PEG-like) film chemistries. The effect of protein incubation time on the levels adsorbed fetal bovine serum on the plasma polymer films was critical, with significantly more protein adsorbing after 24 hour incubation times on both gradient films. The attachment of HeLa cells on the gradients appeared to be dictated not only by the surface chemistry, but also by the adsorption of serum proteins. XPS analysis revealed that at surface ether concentrations of less than 70% in the gradient films, significant increases in protein and cell attachment were observed.     

Fusion around the barrier for 7Li+12C

Fusion cross-sections for the ⁷Li + ¹²C reaction have been measured at energies above the Coulomb barrier by the direct detection of evaporation residues. The heavy evaporation residues with energies below 3 MeV could not be separated out from the α-particles in the spectrum and hence their contribution was estimated using statistical model calculations. The present work indicates that suppression of fusion cross-sections due to the breakup of ⁷Li may not be significant for ⁷Li + ¹²C reaction at energies around the barrier.