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Successive treatment of (Z)-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl) -2-methoxyiminoacetic acid, 1, with 0.9 to 1.0 equiv. of hydrogen chloride and 1.04 equiv. (chloromethylene) dimethylammonium chloride provides (Z) - (2-aminothiazol-4-yl) -2-methoxyiminoacetyl-chloride hydrochloride, 3, in high yield. 相似文献
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近年来,用光声量热法(photoacoustic calorimetry,缩写PAC)测量液相体系中的光物理或光化学过程有了较快发展.这对于观测无辐射的瞬态粒子有重要意义。Peters及其同事曾分析过这种光声技术的原理.简言之,脉冲激光被体系吸收后将 相似文献
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R. B. Melton Jr. 《Experimental Mechanics》1969,9(1):41-44
An instrument is described which operates from a single three-element rosette strain gage and displays the diameter of Mohr's circle for stress or strain on an oscilloscope with proper length, position and angle for the determination of principal stress or strain magnitudes and direction. The device combines simplicity of construction and calibration with low cost and versatility of operation. Its useful frequency range is from static to a reasonable fraction of the system carrier frequency. The present design employs a-c gage excitation but the basic concept may be extended to d-c excitation for high-frequency work. Recording of dynamic strains is possible by photography of the oscilloscope trace. Uses have included instruction in elasticity as well as conventional stress analysis. 相似文献
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The equation of motion dM/dt=γ M×B(t) is solved for the case B(t)=jBp(t)+kBe. The field Be is a small static field, typically the earth’s field. The field Bp(t) decays exponentially toward zero with time constant T. This decay is produced by an overdamped switching transient that occurs near the end of the rapid cutoff of the coil current used to polarize the sample. It is assumed that Bp is initially large compared to Be, and that magnetization M is initially along the resultant field B. Exact solutions are obtained numerically for several decay time constants of Bp, and the motion of M is depicted graphically. It is found that for adiabatic passage, the final cone angle β of the precession in field Be is related to the decay time constant of Bp by β=2e−(π/2)ωeT. This is confirmed by measurements of the amplitudes of the ensuing free-precession signals for various decay rates of Bp. Near-perfect adiabatic passage (magnetization aligned within 2° of the earth’s field) can be achieved for time constants T2.6/ωe. For the case of sudden passage, an approximate analytic solution is developed by linearizing the equation of motion in the laboratory frame of reference. For the adiabatic case, an approximate analytic solution is obtained by linearizing the equation of motion in a rotating frame of reference that follows the resultant field B=Bp+Be. 相似文献
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The metal ion-complexing properties of 1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarboxylic acid (PDA) are reported. The protonation constants (pK1 = 4.75, pK2 = 2.53) and formation constants (log K(1)) for PDA with Mg(II) (3.53), Ca(II) (7.3), Sr(II) (5.61), Ba(II) (5.43), La(III) (13.5), Gd(III) (16.1), Zn(II) (11.0), Cd(II) (12.8), Pb(II) (11.4), and Cu(II) (12.8) were determined by UV-vis spectroscopy in 0.1 M NaClO4 at 25 degrees C. The log K(1) values for most of these metal ions were high enough that they were not displaced from their PDA complexes even at pH 2. The log K(1) values were determined using the UV spectra to monitor the competition with EDTA (or DTPA; EDTA = ethylendiamine tetraacetic acid, DTPA = diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid) as a function of pH according to the equilibrium: M(EDTA) + PDA + nH+ = M(PDA) + EDTAHn. The log K1 values indicate that the rigid extended aromatic backbone of PDA leads to high levels of ligand preorganization and selectivity toward large metal ions (e.g., Ca(II), Cd(II), Gd(III)) with an ionic radius of about 1.0 A and greatly enhanced thermodynamic stability as compared to similar ligands without the reinforcing aromatic backbone. The structure of [Ca(PDA)(H2O)2].2H2O (1) is reported: orthorhombic, Fdd2, a = 44.007(9) A, b = 18.945(4) A, c = 7.2446(14) A, V = 6040(2) A(3), Z = 16, R = 0.0882. The Ca(II) ion has a coordination number of eight, lying in the plane of the tetradentate PDA, with Ca-N bonds averaging 2.55 A and Ca-O bonds to the two acetate groups of PDA averaging 2.45 A. These are very close to the normal Ca-L bonds of this type, supporting the idea that a metal ion the size of Ca(II) (ionic radius approximately 1.0 A) will fit into PDA in a low-strain manner. The remaining four coordination sites on Ca(II) in 1 come from two coordinated water molecules and a chelating carboxylate bridging from an adjacent [Ca(PDA)(H2O)2].2H2O complex. Potential applications of PDA as a ligand in biomedical applications such as Gd(III) contrast agents in MRI are discussed. 相似文献
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High-resolution coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) has been perfomed in hydrogen gas using a cw system. Accurate measurements of the Raman linewidths of the Q(0) through Q(3) transitions of molecular hydrogen have been made at pressures ranging from 0.75 to 40 atm at room temperature. The pressure-broadening coefficients determined for these lines are important in analytic and diagnostic applications of CARS in high-pressure media. 相似文献
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We investigate nonlinear oscillations in a fourth-order partialdifferential equation which models a suspension bridge. Previouswork establishes multiple periodic solutions when a parameterexceeds a certain eigenvalue. In this paper, we use Leray-Schauderdegree theory to prove that if the parameter is increased further,beyond a second eigenvalue, then additional solutions are created. 相似文献
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