Measurement of the t-channel single top quark production cross section in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV

Electroweak production of the top quark is measured for the first time in pp collisions at √=7 TeV, using a data set collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb?1. With an event selection optimized for t-channel production, two complementary analyses are performed. The first one exploits the special angular properties of the signal, together with background estimates from the data. The second approach uses a multivariate analysis technique to probe the compatibility with signal topology expected from electroweak top-quark production. The combined measurement of the cross section is 83.6±29.8(stat+syst)±3.3(lumi) pb, consistent with the standard model expectation.     

EXISTENCE OF SOLUTIONS OF A FAMILY OF NONLINEAR BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS IN L~2-SPACES

§ 1　Introduction and preliminariesThe equations related to the p- L aplacian operatorΔp have been studied in differentaspects[1— 4 ] sinceΔp arises from a variety of physical phenomena such as non Newtonianfluids,reaction- diffusion problems,etc.In this paper,the following equation(1) which canbe regarded as an extension of those in[1— 4 ]will be discussed:- div(α(gradu) ) +|u(x) |p- 2 u(x) +g(x,u(x) ) =f (x)　 a.e. onΩ-〈n,α(gradu)〉∈βx(u(x) ) ,a.e.onΓ . (1)　　More details can b…     

Dynamics of two-phase bubble-droplets in immiscible liquids

This paper describes an experimental study of two-phase bubble-droplets of butane in distilled water. In the process of direct-contact heat transfer between two immiscible liquids, and with change of phase, evaporation occurs within a liquid droplet to form an interior bubble which ultimately may expand to absorb the entire droplet. The so-called stopped-evaporation two-phase bubble-droplets were formed by such evaporating droplets of butane rising in a column of water by application of pressure on the surface of the water to stop the evaporation. The configurations of such bubble-droplets, which depend on the ratio of mass of the vapor to mass of the liquid, are discussed. Results are also given for the rise velocity, and comparisons are made between the rise velocity of stopped-evaporation droplets and those of evaporating droplets.

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Dynamik zweiphasiger Blasen-Tropfen in unmischbaren Flüssigkeiten

Zusammenfassung Die experimentelle Untersuchung von zweiphasigen Blasen-Tropfen aus Butan in destilliertem Wasser wird beschrieben. Bei direktem Wärmeaustausch mit Phasenänderung zwischen zwei unmischbaren Flüssigkeiten beginnt die Verdampfung innerhalb eines Flüssigkeitstropfens und bildet eine innere Blase, die sich schließlich ausdehnt und den Tropfen absorbiert. Ein Ende der Verdampfung konnte beim Aufsteigen von Butantropfen in eine Wassersäule durch Anlegen von Druck an der Wasseroberfläche erreicht werden. Die Struktur dieser Blasen-Tropfen, die abhängt vom Verhältnis der Massen des Dampfes und der Flüssigkeit, wird diskutiert. Außerdem werden Ergebnisse für die Aufstiegsgeschwindigkeit gegeben und die Aufstiegsgeschwindigkeiten der verdampfenden Tropfen mit denen bei beendeter Verdampfung verglichen.

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Nomenclature d Equivalent spherical diameter of initial droplet (mm) - D Equivalent spherical diameter of bubble-droplet (mm) - m₀₀ Initial mass of droplet (kg) - m _v Mass of vapour (kg) - Re _c Reynolds number based on water properties (Re_c=UD/) - t Time (s) - T _c Temperature of water (°C) - U Rise velocity (m/s) - Z Position of bubble-droplet (mm) - t ₀ Overall temperature difference (C deg) - Density (kg/m³) - Viscosity (kg/m s)     

Search for new physics with a monojet and missing transverse energy in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

A study of events with missing transverse energy and an energetic jet is performed using pp collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. The data were collected by the CMS detector at the LHC, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb(-1). An excess of these events over standard model contributions is a signature of new physics such as large extra dimensions and unparticles. The number of observed events is in good agreement with the prediction of the standard model, and significant extension of the current limits on parameters of new physics benchmark models is achieved.     

Mono- and Di-Pyrene [60]Fullerene and [70]Fullerene Derivatives as Potential Components for Photovoltaic Devices

In the present work, we report the successful synthesis and characterization of six (two new) fullerene mono- and di-pyrene derivatives based on C₆₀ and C₇₀ fullerenes. The synthesized compounds were characterized by spectral methods (ESI-MS, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, UV-Vis, FT-IR, photoluminescence and photocurrent spectroscopy). The energy of HOMO and LUMO levels and the band gaps were determined from cyclic voltammetry and compared with the theoretical values calculated according to the DFT/B3LYP/6-31G(d) and DFT/PBE/6-311G(d,p) approach for fully optimized molecular structures at the DFT/B3LYP/6-31G(d) level. Efficiency of solar cells made of PTB7: C₆₀ and C₇₀ fullerene pyrene derivatives were analyzed based on the determined energy levels of the HOMO and LUMO orbitals of the derivatives as well as the extensive spectral results of fullerene derivatives and their mixtures with PTB7. As a result, we found that the electronic and spectral properties, on which the efficiency of a photovoltaic cell is believed to depend, slightly changes with the number and type of pyrene substituents on the fullerene core. The efficiency of constructed solar cells largely depends on the homogeneity of the photovoltaic layer, which, in turn, is a derivative of the solubility of fullerene derivatives in the solvent used to apply these layers by spincoating.     

Femtosecond laser fabrication of high‐Q whispering gallery mode microresonators via two‐photon polymerization

Whispering gallery mode microresonators have been triggering considerable advances in science due to their ability to confine light within small dielectric volumes, which makes them suitable for a wide range of applications. Lithographic approaches have been the dominant technique for fabricating microresonators; however, they restrict the choice of materials due to their multistep processing nature. As an alternative, they report the direct laser fabrication of acrylic based hollow microcylinder resonators, via two‐photon polymerization, with good structural integrity and sidewall roughness of 1.5 nm, which make them promising candidates for photonic applications in the near‐infrared. Such polymeric microresonators exhibit finesse close to 10³ and a quality factor of 1 10⁵, a performance achieved without any additional processing step, which would restrict the choices of materials to be incorporated into the polymeric resonator. This advantage thereby broadens the widespread use of the polymeric microresonators, making them an excellent platform for lasing and nonlinear optics studies in the near‐infrared. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017 , 55, 569–574     

Thiophene based europium β-diketonate complexes: effect of the ligand structure on the emission quantum yield

The synthesis and the molecular and photophysical characterization, together with solid state and solution structure analysis, of a series of europium complexes based on β-diketonate ligands are reported. The Eu(III) complex emission, specifically its photoluminescence quantum yield (PL-QY), can be tuned by changing ligands which finely modifies the environment of the metal ion. Steady-state and time-resolved emission spectroscopy and overall PL-QY measurements are reported and related to geometrical features observed in crystal structures of some selected compounds. Moreover, paramagnetic NMR, based on the analogous complexes with other lanthanides, are use to demonstrate that there is a significant structural reorganization upon dissolution, which justifies the observed differences in the emission properties between solid and solution states. The energy of the triplet levels of the ligands and the occurrence of nonradiative deactivation processes clearly account for the luminescence efficiencies of the complexes in the series.     

折迭式FFT算法对激光大气传输湍流效应的数值模拟

对传统的激光大气传输湍流效应的数值计算方法进行了改进。提出了一种快速折迭式FFT算法。该算法既可对湍流的高频谱抽样,亦可对湍流的低频谱进行修正。数值计算结果表明,这种算法提高了计算速度和精度,降低了对计算机内存容量的要求,并且更真实地模拟了大气湍流的强弱效应。     

Optical properties of Eu:CsGd2F7 downconversion phosphor

Luminescence spectra and excitation spectra in 150-420 nm spectral region have been recorded at room temperature for polycrystalline sample of (0.5%)Eu³⁺:CsGd₂F₇. The relatively intense emission has been observed from ⁵D₃, ⁵D₂ and ⁵D₁ levels. Emission and excitation spectra prove that the excitation energy is efficiently transferred from the ⁶G_J and ⁶I_J levels of Gd³⁺ ions to Eu³⁺ ions. The visible quantum cutting via downconversion has been detected, with efficiency of the cross-relaxation step of ∼50%.     

喇曼自由电子激光器布拉格腔设计

本文介绍一种可用于喇曼自由电子激光器的布拉格腔实用化设计。如果激光器的互作用区漂移管波纹满足布拉格条件，则其分布反馈机理构成了类似于普通激光谐振腔的布拉格腔。该腔既可有效地选定中心频率，又可望提高准单模运转的喇曼自由电子激光器电子效率及其输出功率。