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In this study, we investigate students’ ways of understanding graphing tasks involving quantitative relationships in which time functions as an implicit variable. Through task-based interviews of students ages 14–16 in a summer mathematics program, we observe a variety of ways of understanding, including thematic or visual association, pointwise thinking, and reasoning parametrically about changes in the two variables to be graphed. We argue that, rather than comprising a hierarchy, these ways of understanding complement one another in helping students discover an invariant relationship between two dynamically varying quantities, and develop a graph of the relationship that captures this invariance. From these ways of understanding, we conjecture several mathematical meanings for graphing that may account for students’ behavior when graphing quantitative relationships. 相似文献
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Samples of Fe100−xGax (x=8.3, 17.9, 20.5 and 23.3) were prepared by rapid solidification from the melt using a single Cu roller. X-ray diffraction studies of all samples showed them to be single phase with the disordered BCC structure. No evidence of superlattice reflections from D03 ordering was observed for any of the samples. Room-temperature 57Fe Mössbauer effect spectra indicated that all samples were ferromagnetically ordered. Spectra were fit to distributions of hyperfine fields. The x=8.3 sample showed a hyperfine field distribution that was single peaked and indicated a reasonably random distribution of local Fe environments. The x=17.9 and 20.5 samples showed hyperfine field distributions that were bimodal and indicated two distinct local Fe environments. The x=23.3 sample showed three distinct field components. It is suggested that the x=8.3, 17.9 and 20.5 alloys are primarily a disordered BCC phase. The x=8.3 alloy shows a small amount of short-range Ga–Ga pairing, while this short-range pairing is significantly greater in the x=17.9 and 20.5 alloys. The three field components in the x=23.3 alloy correspond well to the two sites associated with the D03 phase and a third component corresponding to a remaining L12 phase suggesting the presence of at least short-range D03 clustering in this alloy. 相似文献
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Energy spectra for decaying 2D turbulence in a bounded domain 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We use results derived in the framework of the replica approach to study the liquid-glass thermodynamic transition. The main results are derived without using replicas and applied to the study of the Lennard-Jones binary mixture introduced by Kob and Andersen. We find that there is a phase transition due to the entropy crisis. We compute both analytically and numerically the value of the phase transition point T(K) and the specific heat in the low temperature phase. 相似文献
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Gary E. McGraw 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》1970,8(8):1323-1336
Molecular orientation in poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers was studied by polarized fluorescence. The observed amorphous orientation of the spun as fiber was not random but uniaxial along the fiber axis. This orientation increased with draw ratio up to about 2 and then remained fairly constant. The amorphous regions of PET fibers were disoriented when the fibers were heated while unconstrained. The fluorescence data obtained were correlated with shrinkage measurements. Fluorescence data indicated that spin drawing had more effect upon orientation than subsequent drawing of the fiber, whereas birefringence data indicated the opposite. The reason for this behavior is discussed. 相似文献
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F. J. Boerio S. K. Bahl G. E. McGraw 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》1976,14(6):1029-1046
The Vibrational analysis of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene-d4 terephthalate, and polyethylene terephthalate-d4 has been carried out using a valence force field calculated from the infrared and Raman spectra of a series of low molecular weight aromatic esters. The Raman spectra for polyethylene-d4 terephthalate and polyethylene terephthalate-d4 are presented and band assignments for these compounds and polyethylene terephthalate are discussed. 相似文献
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L B Townsend R A Long J P McGraw D W Miles R K Robins H Eyring 《The Journal of organic chemistry》1974,39(14):2023-2027
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The dynamic and static surface pressure on a square cylinder during vortex shedding was measured with pressure sensitive paints
(PSPs) at three angles of incidence and a Reynolds number of 8.9×104. Oscillations in the phosphorescence intensity of the PSP that occurred at the vortex shedding frequency were observed. From
these phosphorescent oscillations, the time-dependent changes in pressure distribution were calculated. This work extends
PSP’s useful range to dynamic systems where oscillating pressure changes are on the order of 230 Pa and occur at frequencies
in the range of 95–125 Hz. 相似文献