Enhanced chromatographic resolution of amine enantiomers as carbobenzyloxy derivatives in high-performance liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography

The carbobenzyloxy (cbz) protecting group is evaluated for it's potential to enhance the resolution of chiral amine enantiomers using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). A series of cbz derivatives of commercially available racemates was prepared and analyzed by enantioselective chromatography using a variety of mobile phases and polysaccharide and Pirkle-type chiral stationary phases (CSPs). The cbz-derivatized product consistently demonstrated enhanced chiral resolution under HPLC and SFC conditions. Improved selectivity and resolution combined with an automated preparative HPLC or SFC system can lead to the rapid generation of highly purified enantiomers of desirable starting materials, intermediates or final products.     

Absolute configuration of C2-symmetric spiroselenurane: 3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-1,1'-spirobi[3 H,2,1]benzoxaselenole

The enantiomers of 3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-1,1'-spirobi[3 H,2,1]benzoxaselenole have been separated on a chiral preparative chromatographic column. The experimental vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra have been obtained for both enantiomers in CH(2)Cl(2). The theoretical VCD spectra have been obtained by means of density functional theoretical calculations with the B3 LYP density functional. From a comparison of experimental and theoretical VCD spectra, the absolute configuration of an enantiomer with positive specific rotation in CH(2)Cl(2) at 589 nm is determined to be R. This conclusion has been verified by comparing results of experimental optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) to predictions of the same properties using the B3 LYP functional for the title compound.     

SICs and Algebraic Number Theory

We give an overview of some remarkable connections between symmetric informationally complete measurements (SIC-POVMs, or SICs) and algebraic number theory, in particular, a connection with Hilbert’s 12th problem. The paper is meant to be intelligible to a physicist who has no prior knowledge of either Galois theory or algebraic number theory.     

Fine structure in proton emission from 145Tm discovered with digital signal processing

Fine structure in proton emission from the 3.1(3) mus activity of 145Tm was discovered by using a novel technique of digital processing of overlapping recoil implantation and decay signals. Proton transitions to the ground state of 144Er and to its first excited 2(+) state at 0.33(1) MeV with a branching ratio I(p)(2(+))=9.6+/-1.5% were observed. The structure of the 145Tm wave function and the emission process were analyzed by using particle-core vibration coupling models.     

Two-photon microscopy of fura-2-loaded cardiac myocytes with an all-solid-state tunable and visible femtosecond laser source

We report a robust and reliable platform source for visible-wavelength multiphoton microscopy that is based on nonlinear optical methods. We demonstrate a synchronously pumped, singly resonant optical parametric oscillator with simultaneous intracavity third-order quasi-phase matching in a single crystal that generates continuously tunable, visible, and femtosecond-pulsed radiation. The application of the system is demonstrated by two-photon laser-scanning fluorescence microscopy of rabbit cardiac myocytes loaded with the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator fura-2.     

Phonon screening in high-temperature superconductors

In good conductors optical phonons are usually screened, and therefore not observed. However, sharp features due to infrared-active modes in the copper-oxygen planes are observed in the optical conductivity of Pr1.85Ce0.15CuO4 and YBa2Cu3O6.95. Oscillator strengths indicate that the screening of these modes is poor or totally absent. These materials are compared with eta-Mo4O11, in which lattice modes appear suddenly below the charge-density wave transition. It is proposed that poor screening in the cuprates originates from fluctuating charge inhomogeneities in the copper-oxygen planes.     

The in-line forces acting on an elastically mounted cylinder oscillating in still water

The drag and the inertia coefficients of the in-line force were determined experimentally based on the Morison equation. The interrelationship of the in-line force coefficients with the frequency ratio, the amplitude ratio, and the y-direction response were carefully examined. The experimental results show that the frequency ratio is more important in determining the drag coefficient than either the Reynolds number or the reduced velocity, and that the drag coefficient is highly coupled to the y-direction response. Paper was presented at 1985 SEM Spring Conference on Experimental Mechanics held in Las Vegas on June 9–14, 1985.     

Adiabatic cooling of antiprotons

Adiabatic cooling is shown to be a simple and effective method to cool many charged particles in a trap to very low temperatures. Up to 3×10(6) p are cooled to 3.5 K-10(3) times more cold p and a 3 times lower p temperature than previously reported. A second cooling method cools p plasmas via the synchrotron radiation of embedded e(-) (with many fewer e(-) than p in preparation for adiabatic cooling. No p are lost during either process-a significant advantage for rare particles.     

Costereosymmetric α-olefin copolymers

Copolymerization of propylene and 1-butene with highly stereospecific three-component coordination catalysts produced multiblock crystalline copolymers having stereo-regular sequences of both propylene and 1-butene. Copolymers containing from 3 to about 80% 1-butene had two DTA melting points which were attributable to polypropylene and poly-1-butene crystallinity. Those containing from 18 to about 70% 1-butene had x-ray diffraction patterns showing peaks characteristic of polypropylene and form I poly-1-butene, but form II poly-1-butene crystallinity was never observed. The multiblock copolymer structure observed is also supported by the fact that the product of the reactivity ratios is greater than unity. The composition distributions of low-conversion and continuously prepared copolymers were similar and relatively broad. For example, copolymers containing an average of 12% 1-butene had species containing from 5–30% 1-butene. High-conversion copolymers had an even broader composition distribution due to the gradual increase of the 1-butene concentration in the comonomer mixture as the copolymerization proceeded. The absence of homopolymers was demonstrated by fractionation. The ability to detect homopolymers was proved by the fact that a mixture of stereoregular polypropylene and poly-1-butene were readily separated. Increasing the amount of 1-butene tended to decrease those properties dependent upon crystallinity such as hardness, tensile strength, stiffness, density, and melting point, but tended to improve significantly the impact strength, low temperature properties, and clarity of molded objects. These duocrystalline copolymers retained a much higher level of properties than that observed for random copolymers prepared with less stereospecific coordination catalysts.