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Microbial metabolism of the diterpene sclareol ( 1 ) was studied. Screening studies have shown a number of microorganisms capable of metabolizing 1 . Preparative-scale fermentation with Septomyxa affinis ATCC 6737 has resulted in the production of three fungal metabolites that have been characterized by 2D-NMR techniques and chemical reactions. These metabolites have been identified as 8α,13β-dihydroxylabd-14-en-3-one ( 2 ), labd-14-ene-3β.8α,13β-triol ( 4 ), and labd-14-ene-2α,8α,13β-triol ( 6 ). 相似文献
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Bharathi Avula Babu L. Tekwani Narayan D. Chaurasiya NP Dhammika Nanayakkara Yan‐Hong Wang Shabana I. Khan Vijender R. Adelli Rajnish Sahu Mahmoud A. Elsohly James D. McChesney Ikhlas A. Khan Larry A. Walker 《Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS》2013,48(2):276-285
Therapeutic efficiency and hemolytic toxicity of primaquine (PQ), the only drug available for radical cure of relapsing vivax malaria are believed to be mediated by its metabolites. However, identification of these metabolites has remained a major challenge apparently due to low quantities and their reactive nature. Drug candidates labeled with stable isotopes afford convenient tools for tracking drug‐derived metabolites in complex matrices by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS‐MS) and filtering for masses with twin peaks attributable to the label. This study was undertaken to identify metabolites of PQ from an in vitro incubation of a 1:1 w/w mixture of 13C6‐PQ/PQ with primary human hepatocytes. Acquity ultra‐performance LC (UHPLC) was integrated with QTOF‐MS to combine the efficiency of separation with high sensitivity, selectivity of detection and accurate mass determination. UHPLC retention time, twin mass peaks with difference of 6 (originating from 13C6‐PQ/PQ), and MS‐MS fragmentation pattern were used for phenotyping. Besides carboxy‐PQ (cPQ), formed by oxidative deamination of PQ to an aldehyde and subsequent oxidation, several other metabolites were identified: including PQ alcohol, predictably generated by oxidative deamination of PQ to an aldehyde and subsequent reduction, its acetate and the alcohol's glucuronide conjugate. Trace amounts of quinone‐imine metabolites of PQ and cPQ were also detected which may be generated by hydroxylation of the PQ/cPQ quinoline ring at the 5‐position and subsequent oxidation. These findings shed additional light on the human hepatic metabolism of PQ, and the method can be applied for identification of reactive PQ metabolites generated in vivo in preclinical and clinical studies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Avula B Khan SI Tekwani BL Nanayakkara NP McChesney JD Walker LA Khan IA 《Biomedical chromatography : BMC》2011,25(9):1010-1017
The clinical formulation of primaquine (PQ) is a mixture of (−)‐(R)‐ and (+)‐(S)‐ primaquine enantiomers which may show different pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. To assess the efficacy and toxicity of primaquine enantiomers, a method using LC‐MSD‐TOF has been developed. The enantiomers were well separated using a Chiralcel OD column (250 × 4.6 mm, 10 µm) with a linear gradient of mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile (0.1% formic acid) and aqueous ammonium formate (20 mm ; 0.1% formic acid) adjusted to pH 5.9 at a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min. The method was validated for linearity, precision, accuracy and limits of detection and quantification. The calibration curves were linear with all correlation coefficients being >0.999. The average recoveries of (−)‐(R)‐ and (+)‐(S)‐primaquine and (−)‐(R)‐ and (+)‐(S)‐carboxyprimaquine were 88 and 92%, respectively, in spiked human plasma and 89 and 93% respectively in spiked mouse plasma samples. The RSD of (−)‐(R)‐ and (+)‐(S)‐primaquine and (−)‐(R)‐ and (+)‐(S)‐carboxyprimaquine were 2.15, 1.74, 1.73 and 2.31, respectively, in spiked human plasma and 2.21, 1.09, 1.95 and 1.17% in spiked mouse plasma, respectively. The intra‐day and inter‐day precisions expressed as RSD were lower than 10% in all analyzed quality control levels. The method as reported is suitable for study of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the enantiomers of primaquine. The method was successfully applied to study plasma pharmacokinetic profile of enantiomers of primaquine and carboxyprimaquine in mice administered with primaquine in racemic form. The analytical method was found to be linear, accurate, precise and specific. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Verbitski SM Gourdin GT Ikenouye LM McChesney JD Hildreth J 《Journal of AOAC International》2008,91(2):268-275
Actaea racemosa L. (black cohosh; syn. Cimicifuga racemosa L. Nutt.) is a native North American perennial whose root and rhizome preparations are commercially available as phytomedicines and dietary supplements, primarily for management of menopausal symptoms. Despite its wide use, methods that accurately identify processed A. racemosa are not well established; product adulteration remains a concern. Because of its similar appearance and growing locales, A. racemosa has been unintentionally mixed with other species of the genus, such as Actaea pachypoda Ell. (white cohosh) and more commonly Actaea podocarpa DC. (yellow cohosh). The genus Actaea also has 23 temperate species with numerous common names, which can also contribute to the misidentification of plant material. Consequently, a variety of Actaea spp. are common adulterants of commercially available black cohosh preparations. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and combined TLC-bioluminescence (Bioluminex) are efficient, economical, and effective techniques which provide characteristic patterns and toxicity profiles for each plant species. These data indicate that common black cohosh adulterants, such as yellow cohosh, can be differentiated from black cohosh by TLC and TLC-bioluminescence. This study also showed that unknown contaminants that were not detected using standard A. racemosa identity techniques were readily detected by TLC and TLC-bioluminescence. 相似文献
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Chang Liu Takeshi Kondo A.D. Palczewski G.D. Samolyuk Y. Lee M.E. Tillman Ni Ni E.D. Mun R. Gordon A.F. Santander-Syro S.L. Bud’ko J.L. McChesney E. Rotenberg A.V. Fedorov T. Valla O. Copie M.A. Tanatar C. Martin B.N. Harmon P.C. Canfield A. Kaminski 《Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications》2009,469(9-12):491-497
We present an overview of the electronic properties of iron arsenic high temperature superconductors with emphasis on low energy band dispersion, Fermi surface and superconducting gap. ARPES data is compared with full-potential linearized plane wave (FLAPW) calculations. We focus on single layer NdFeAsO0.9F0.1 (R1111) and two layer Ba1?xKxFe2As2 (B122) compounds. We find general similarities between experimental data and calculations in terms of character of Fermi surface pockets, and overall band dispersion. We also find a number of differences in details of the shape and size of the Fermi surfaces as well as the exact energy location of the bands, which indicate that magnetic interaction and ordering significantly affects the electronic properties of these materials. The Fermi surface consists of several hole pockets centered at Γ and electron pockets located in zone corners. The size and shape of the Fermi surface changes significantly with doping. Emergence of a coherent peak below the critical temperature Tc and diminished spectral weight at the chemical potential above Tc closely resembles the spectral characteristics of the cuprates, however the nodeless superconducting gap clearly excludes the possibility of d-wave order parameter. Instead it points to s-wave or extended s-wave symmetry of the order parameter. 相似文献
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J. K. Brooks Kazuyuki Saitô JD Maitland Wright 《Rendiconti del Circolo Matematico di Palermo》2003,52(1):5-14
LetA be aC*-algebra with second dualA″. Let (φ
n)(n=1,...) be a sequence in the dual ofA such that limφ
n(a) exists for eacha εA. In general, this does not imply that limφ
n(x) exists for eachx εA″. But if limφ
n(p) exists whenever p is the range projection of a positive self-adjoint element of the unit ball ofA, then it is shown that limφ
n(x) does exist for eachx inA″. This is a non-commutative generalisation of a celebrated theorem of Dieudonné. A new proof of Dieudonné’s theorem, for
positive measures, is given here. The proof of the main result makes use of Dieudonné’s original theorem. 相似文献
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A self-assembled monolayer of ferrocene-capped alkanethiols is produced in two stable oxidation states of Fe (Fe2+ and Fe3+). These oxidation states are detected with sub-monolayer sensitivity by the fine structure of the Fe2p absorption edge. The native Fe2+ ferrocene layer is converted chemically to Fe3+, and the Fe3+ layer can be transformed back to Fe2+ or possibly Fe0 by irradiation with soft X-rays. The results have implications on switching mechanisms in molecular electronics. 相似文献
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