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Motivated by the work of Crapo and Rota [6] on the lifting of a projective complex, we introduce a class of invariant operations associated to integral-weighted graphs, which we call graphical operations. Such operations generalize the sixth harmonic of a quadranguler set on a projective line. We determine the expansion of the graphical operations in terms of multi-linear bracket polynomials in a Grassmann-Cayley algebra. Reducibility and compositions of such invariant operations are also investigated with a number of examples.Supported by Courant Instructorship, New York University. 相似文献
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The one-loop vacuum energy is explicitly computed for a class of perturbative string vacua where supersymmetry is spontaneously broken by a T-duality invariant asymmetric Scherk–Schwarz deformation. The low-lying spectrum is tachyon-free for any value of the compactification radii and thus no Hagedorn-like phase-transition takes place. Indeed, the induced effective potential is free of divergence, and has a global anti-de Sitter minimum where geometric moduli are naturally stabilised. 相似文献
5.
Benati L Bencivenni G Leardini R Minozzi M Nanni D Scialpi R Spagnolo P Zanardi G 《The Journal of organic chemistry》2005,70(8):3046-3053
Thermal reaction of various alpha-azido esters with Bu(3)SnH in refluxing benzene results in smooth production of 3-(tributylstannyl)-1-triazene adducts affording cyclized 1,2,3-triazol-4-ones in preference to reduced amines and thence provides a new useful method for the preparation of these triazole derivatives. In the presence of AIBN the occurrence of triazene products still remains important or even exclusive and, consequently, generation of the expected stannylaminyl radicals is seriously limited. With 2-azidomalonates and alpha-azido-beta-keto esters stannyltriazenes can similarly occur in the absence of the radical initiator, but in the latter cases the ensuing triazenes undergo preferential cyclization onto the ketone moiety to give reactive hydroxytriazolines. Contrary to alpha-azido esters, in the presence of AIBN alpha-azido-beta-keto esters as well as azidomalonates give rise only to the usual stannylaminyl radicals. A possible explanation for the different behavior of the mono- and dicarbonyl azides in the presence of AIBN is put forward. 相似文献
6.
Benati L Leardini R Minozzi M Nanni D Spagnolo P Strazzari S Zanardi G 《Organic letters》2002,4(18):3079-3081
[reaction: see text] Aryl- and alkyl-derived azidoacyl radicals, generated from thiolesters by intramolecular homolytic substitution at the sulfur, can undergo five- and six-membered cyclization onto the azido moiety to give cyclized lactams. 相似文献
7.
Dario MontebugnoliPierfrancesco Bravo Elisabetta BrennaCharles Mioskowski Walter PanzeriFiorenza Viani Alessandro VolonterioAlain Wagner Matteo Zanda 《Tetrahedron》2003,59(36):7147-7156
An effective traceless solid-phase synthesis of chloro-diaminopyrimidines via an amino-de-chlorination reaction of polymer-bound 4-alkoxycarbonylamino-2,6-dichloropyrimidines has been developed. After release from the polymer the target molecules were obtained in good to excellent purity, although with modest regiocontrol. Further reaction of solid-supported N-alkoxycarbonyl-chloro-diaminopyrimidines with secondary amines afforded triaminopyrimidines in good purity under mild conditions, whereas less nucleophilic primary amines did not perform well under the conditions explored so far. 相似文献
8.
Matteo Scampicchio Nathan S. Lawrence Alessandra Arecchi Stella Cosio Saverio Mannino 《Electroanalysis》2007,19(1):85-90
Cyclic voltammetry has been applied to the rapid measurement of free SH‐compounds in food flours samples. The protocol is based on the electrochemical adaptation of the Ellman's test, where the DTNB reacts with SH‐compounds present in food flour extracts, resulting in the equimolar production of the electroactive compound TNBA which, in turns, reacts with phenylendiamine. The reaction is found to provide an analytical signal from which to quantify indirectly free sulfhydryl compounds in flours extracts. 相似文献
9.
Volonterio A Bellosta S Bravin F Bellucci MC Bruché L Colombo G Malpezzi L Mazzini S Meille SV Meli M Ramírez De Arellano C Zanda M 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2003,9(18):4510-4522
Partially modified retro- (PMR) and retro-inverso (PMRI) psi[NHCH(CF(3))]Gly peptides, a conceptually new class of peptidomimetics, have been synthesized in wide structural diversity and variable length by aza-Michael reaction of enantiomerically pure alpha-amino esters and peptides with enantiomerically and geometrically pure N-4,4,4-trifluorocrotonoyl-oxazolidin-2-ones. The factors underlying the observed moderate to good diastereocontrol have been investigated. The conformations of model PMR-psi[NHCH(CF(3))]Gly tripeptides have been studied in solution by (1)H NMR spectroscopy supported by MD calculations, as well as in the solid-state by X-ray diffraction. Remarkable stability of turn-like conformations, comparable to that of parent malonyl-based retropeptides, was evidenced, as a likely consequence of two main factors: 1) severe torsional restrictions about sp(3) bonds in the [CO-CH(2)-CH(CF(3))-NH-CH(R)-CO] module, which is biased by the stereoelectronically demanding CF(3) group and the R side chain; 2) formation of nine-membered intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded rings, which have been clearly detected both in CHCl(3) solution and in some crystal structures. The former factor seems to be more important, as turn-like conformations were found in the solid-state even in the absence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The relative configuration of the -C*H(CF(3))NHC*H(R)- stereogenic centers has a major effect on the stability of the turn-like conformation, which seems to require a syn stereochemistry. X-ray diffraction and ab initio computational studies showed that the [-CH(CF(3))NH-] group can be seen as a sort of hybrid between a peptide bond mimic and a proteolytic transition state analogue, as it combines some of the properties of a peptidyl -CONH- group (low NH basicity, CH(CF(3))-NH-CH backbone angle close to 120 degrees, C-CF(3) bond substantially isopolar with the C=O) with some others of the tetrahedral intermediate [-C(OX)(O(-))NH-] involved in the protease-mediated hydrolysis reaction of a peptide bond (high electron density on the CF(3) group, tetrahedral backbone carbon). 相似文献
10.
Costa M Cà ND Gabriele B Massera C Salerno G Soliani M 《The Journal of organic chemistry》2004,69(7):2469-2477
An effective and straightforward approach to the synthesis of 4H-3,1-benzoxazines 3 and 4, quinazolin-2-ones 5, and quinoline-4-one derivatives 6 and 7 is provided by palladium-catalyzed cyclization-alkoxycarbonylation of variously substituted 2-(trimethylsilanyl)ethynylaniline amide or urea derivatives 2. Reactions are carried out in 7:1 MeCN/MeOH at 65 or 75 degrees C in the presence of catalytic amounts of 10% Pd/C in conjunction with Bu(4)NI and KF and under 2.4 MPa of a 3:1 mixture of CO and air. Anti and syn 6-exo-dig cyclization modes account for the formation of the two stereoisomers. Isomerization of the vinylpalladium intermediate may occur as well. Formation of a double carbonylation product 7r and of a gem-dimethoxycarbonylation product 6s, whose structures have been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis, is justified through an unusual type of rearrangement. 相似文献